高中英语语法过关辅导课件-冠词

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(二)冠词一、不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人或事物,相当于any。Asquarehasfoursides.2.泛指某人或某事物。Abadworkmanquarrelswithhistools.3.表示一个,相当于one。Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.4.表示“每一”。Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.5.表示“同一”,相当于thesame。Thetwoboysareofanage.6.用在某些抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”等。Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.7.用于专有名词之前表示某一个。AMr.Liisaskingtoseeyouattheschoolgate.8.用于某些固定词组中。afew,alotof,abit,havearest,takeabus,haveagoodtime,liveahappylife【说明】a和the都可表泛指,区别如下:(1)a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。Atigerisatypeofverylargefiercewildcatthathasyellowfurwithblackbandsacross.老虎是个子很大而凶猛的野生猫科动物,毛黄色,有黑色斑纹。(2)the表类指,指的是整个类别。Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.虎有灭绝的危险。二、定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,用于区别同类中的其他人或事物。ShallIintroducethenewcameratoyou?2.表示上文或第二次提及的人或事物。Thereisabagonthedesk.ThebagisMike’s.3.表示交谈双方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindowtoletsomefreshairin.4.特指世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象。thesun,theearth,thesky,themoon【注】有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。space(太空)nature(自然)heaven(天堂)5.用于表示方位的名词前。theeast,thesouth,theright,theleft,thefront6.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前,以及对两人或事物进行对比时起特定作用的比较级前。thetallestboy,thetallerofthetwoboys7.用于某些形容词或过去分词之前,表示一类人。thepoor(穷人)thesick(病人)thewounded(伤员)8.用于姓氏的复数形式之前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。theSmiths(史密斯一家人)theBrowns(布朗夫妇)9.用于单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。Thehorseisausefulanimal.10.用于集合名词前,表示一个整体。theworkingclass;theChinesefootballteam11.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等。thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)thePeople’sDaily(人民日报)12.用于表示发明物或乐器名称的单数名词前。Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?13.用于世纪的某个年代前。inthe1990s/1990’s(20世纪90年代)14.用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体人民,这些词常以sh,ch,ese结尾。theEnglish;theFrench;theChinese15.用于表示度量单位的名词前。Theeggsaresoldbythedozen.16.用于某些固定词组中。intheend;bytheway;themore...,themore...三、零冠词的用法1.在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类名词前。Springfollowswinter.冬去春来。比较:TheycametoBeijinginthewinterof1997.2.称呼语或表示头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前。Weelectedhimpresidentofouruniversity.3.表抽象意义或一般意义的时间名词前。atdaybreak;atsunrise;atsunset;atnoon;atmidday;atnight;atmidnight;before(after)dark;fromdawnuntildark;frommorningtillnight4.表乘交通工具的短语中。bybike;bycar;byboat;byplane(air);bytrain;onfoot;onhorseback比较:onabike;inacar;in(on)a(the)train(carriage,bus);ona(the)ship;takeabus;catchthetrain;rideinabus5.单数可数名词前不用a冠词的情况。Aftergraduationfromcollegeheturnedteacher(becameateacher).Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.Airistomanwhatwateristofish.6.在表示行为、状态、特征、原因及说明方式、目的的习语中。attable(吃饭)incourt(出庭作证)indebt(欠债)ingoodcondition(状况好)ingreatneed;inmotion(在运动中)inoffice(就职)inhonourof;infavorof;withanger;insize;incharacter(在性格上)insight;in(outof)order;onbusiness;onleave(休假);onstrike四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别beinchargeof负责beinthechargeof由……负责;在……掌管之下byday在白天bytheday按日计算Itisoutofquestion.那是毫无疑问的。Itisoutofthequestion.那是根本不可能的。threeofus我们中的三个人thethreeofus我们三个人takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替五、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前,名词之前若有形容词,冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例外:1.冠词放在quite,many,such,what等词之后。quiteaninterestingstory2.so/as/too/how+形容词+a/an+单数名词。It’stoodifficultaproblem.3.rather可位于冠词前或后。arathercoldday=ratheracoldday4.half可位于冠词之前,也可位于冠词之后。halfanhour=ahalfhour5.all,both放在the之前。allthebooks;boththeboys过关落实1.—Couldyoutellmethewayto________Johnsons’,please?—Sorry,wedon’thave________Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.the;不填解析:theJohnsons’指Johnson一家的房子、诊所等;第二空填a为泛指,“一个叫Johnson的人”。答案:B2.Iwantedtocatch________earlytrain,butcouldn’tget________ridetothestation.A.an;theB./;theC.an;/D.the;a解析:theearlytrain,早班车;getarideto...,搭车去(某地)。答案:D3.________walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring________packedlunch.A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填解析:thewalk指大家都知道的活动;apackedlunch,指(外带)一顿午餐。答案:C4.Ilike________colorofyourskirt.Itis________goodmatchforyourblouse.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the解析:thecolorofyourskirt,特指你的衬衫的颜色;agoodmatchfor表示和……很搭配。答案:C5.Forhim________stageisjust________meansofmakingaliving.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the解析:thestage意为“舞台”,而固定搭配ameansof则为“……的方式”(此处means单复数同形)。答案:B6.Accordingto________reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof________heartdiseaseby76%.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;a解析:由句意“根据由44人组成的调查中……”可知,此处review表泛指;另外疾病前不加冠词。答案:C7.Everywheremanhascutdown________forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse________woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/解析:复数名词forests表泛指;下句中的wood是forests中的,故为特指。答案:C8.—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover________keyboard.—Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear________computer.A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a解析:表特指要加定冠词;不定冠词可放在单数名词前,泛指一类人或物。答案:B9.Thisbooktells________lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft______schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;不填D.a;不填解析:life后有介词短语作定语特指,故前加the;leaveschool意为“辍学”。答案:C10.—Wouldyoumindgivingyouradviceonhowtoimproveourbusinessmanagement?—Ifyoumade________mostoftheequipment,therewouldbe________riseinproduction.A./;/B.the;aC.the;theD.the;/解析:makethemostof指“善加利用”;rise作名词,泛指“提升、升高”时前无冠词,但当“提升之人(物)”时,前则加不定冠词。答案:B11.Thesalesmansaidthat________thiefwasayoungmanwith________brownhair.A.the;aB.the;不填C.a;不填D.a;a解析:此处thethief为说话双方能领会的;hair不可数名词前一般无冠词。答案:B12.Theshopneedsmorechildren’stoysin________store,fortheChildren’sDayisjustaround________corner.A.the;/B./;theC.a;theD.the;the解析:instore意为“贮藏着、准备着”;aroundthecorn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