高中英语语法过关辅导课件-句式结构

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(十三)句式结构一、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在句首原形动词前加don’t或never。Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.2.祈使句的反义疑问句是在句末加“willyou?”。Haveanotherpieceofcake,willyou?Don’tmakeanynoise,willyou?3.祈使句前加助动词do用来加强语气。Doturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.4.祈使句可以带主语。(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时,需加上主语“you”,有时还可同时加上称呼语。Tom,youwatertheflowers!(2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“you”。You,girls,cleanthedesks,you,boys,sweepthefloor.(3)表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时,可带主语“you”。Youmindyourownbusiness!你少管闲事!(4)祈使句的主语还可用“everybody,everyone,somebody,somone,nobody”或第三人称。Someoneanswerthephone!谁去接一下电话!5.以Let’s或Letus开头的祈使句。Let’tgetdowntowork,shall_we?Letuscalmdown,will_you?6.构成句式:祈使句+and/or+简单句。MakeamoveandI’llshoot.(=Ifyoumakeamove,I’llshoot.)Goaway,orIwillcallthepolice.(=Ifyoudon’tgoaway,Iwillcallthepolice.)二、感叹句1.基本句式(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语Whatacleverboyheis!(2)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语Whatfineweatherwearehavingtoday!(3)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!(4)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语Howhighthemountainis!2.特殊句式(1)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语Howdifficultaproblemitis!(2)How+主语+谓语Howweloveourmotherland!三、therebe句型1.Therebe句型是一种特殊句式,表示“在什么地方存在什么人或事物”。在此句式中,be是谓语动词,be后面的名词是主语。Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Therearemanydesksandchairsintheroom.2.therebe句式中的be有时可用seemtobe,happentobe,usedtobe,havetobe等替代。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithme.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.3.therebe句式中的be可用remain,live,stand,lie,exist等不及物动词替代。Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.Nooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse.4.therebe句式有时可用于非谓语动词中,有两种形式:therebeing和theretobe。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclaredthemeetingclosed.由于没有其他事情,我宣布散会。Idon’twanttheretobeanotherconflict.我不希望再有冲突发生。5.用于组成特殊句式。(1)thereisnouse/point/sense(in)doing...“做某事没用或没意义”。Thereisnopoint(in)worryingaboutit.(2)thereisnodoubtabout.../thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”。Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.(3)thereisnoneedfor.../thereisnoneedtodo...“没有必要……”。Thereisnoneedtohurry,isthere?(4)thereisnodoing...“不可能……;无法……;没有办法……”。Thereisnoknowinghowlonghemightbeaway.无法知道他要离开多长时间。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事不可开玩笑。四、强调句型1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。形式:itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...ItisIwhoamtoblame.应受责备的是我。2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。形式:is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who...?Wasitin1896thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?此时,还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。IwonderifitisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish.3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。形式:疑问词+is/wasitthat...?Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗子的是谁?此时,强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.4.强调句型用于强调not...until...句型。形式:itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that...Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别。判断是否为强调句型,可先把itis/was...that/when/where/since...去掉,如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,那么就是强调句型,否则就不是。ItwasonJanuray1stthatIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...that...后:OnJanuary1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.很明显句子是完整的,所以这是一个强调句型。句意是“我是在元月一日拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)ItwasJanuary1stwhenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...when...后:January1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.显然句子不完整,所以这不是一个强调句型,而是一个带有时间状语从句的复合句。句意是“那天是元月一日,我去拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)五、倒装句1.全部倒装下列情况下,句子要使用全部倒装(1)表示方位的副词(如up,down,out,in,away,round,here,there)放在句首,句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动物(如go,come,run,rush,fly),主语是名词(注:不能是代词)。HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.但主语如果是人称代词,则句子不用倒装,主语仍置于动词之前。Thedooropenedandinshecame.【注】在全部倒装句中,谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时,不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。(2)表示时间的副词now,then放在句首,句子的谓语动词是come,主语是名词(注:不能是代词)。Nowcomesyourturn.(3)介词短语放在句首作状语,句子的谓语动词是不及物动词(如lie,stand,sit,exist,stretch,come)或系动词be,主语是名词(注:不能是代词)。Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.(4)代词such放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.(5)分词短语放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be,主语是名词。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.2.部分倒装下列情况下,句子要使用部分倒装:(1)“only+副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首时。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意义的副词(如never,seldom,little,nowhere,hardly等)放在句首时。Neverinhistoryhastechnologymadesuchrapidprogress.(3)“nota+n.”“notasingle+n.”“notonce”或“notuntil...”等短语放在句首时。Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.(4)表示否定意义的介词短语(如atnotime,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,innoway等)放在句首时。UndernocircumstancescouldIagreetosuchaprinciple.(5)在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...引导两个分句时,如把hardly,nosooner或notonly放在句首,前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装,后一个分句中则不用倒装。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.(6)在“so+助动词+主语”和“neither/nor+助动词+主语”中。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.Idon’tknow,nordoIcare.(7)在“so+adj./adv.+that...”句式中,如将“so+adj./adv.”放在句首时。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(8)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,were或should时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语前。Haditnotbeenforyoursupport,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.过关落实1.—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—________herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit解析:“whynotdo...”means“whydon’tyoudo...”用来提出建议“为何不……”。答案:A2.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—________.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes解析:“so+助动词+主语”表示前面出现的情况同样适用于后者。答案:C3.Idon’tmindhercriticizingme,but______ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which解析:强调句型中只能用it。答案:A4.Youhave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