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(十)名词性从句一、主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.【注】有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.二、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。Thereasonisthatyoudon’ttrusther.ThisiswhereIdisagree.这一点是我所不同意的。三、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有that，whether，if，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。宾语从句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。Sheexplainedthatshewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.【注】①有时要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.②如doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?③I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。Idon’tsupposehecares，doeshe?④在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。Italldependsuponwhetherwecangettheircooperation.⑤动词doubt如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导，如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用that引导。Idoubtif/whetherourfootballteamwillwinthematch.Idon’tdoubtthatIcandefeathiminthecontest.四、同位语从句在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether，who，which，what，where，when，why，how等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.五、名词性从句的难点1.引导词that与what的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat等，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.2.引导词if和whether的区别if和whether引导动词后面的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不能用if引导。Idon’tcareif/whetherhewillcometomyparty.Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Thequestioniswhetherwecancollectenoughmoney.3.引导词who与whoever的区别whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyonewho或thosewho，它既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Whowillbeelectedpresidentdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencetome.4.引导词what与whatever的区别whatever引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强些，有“任何一切……”之意。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.ThisisexactlywhatIwant.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，所以其前的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；定语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.6.whoever与nomatterwho；whatever与nomatterwhatwhoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；nomatterwho和nomatterwhat只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)youmaythink，I’mgoingaheadwithmyplans.Takewhateveryouneedandleavemealone.7.名词性从句的语序名词性从句一律用陈述语序。Noonewillbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears.没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。8.名词性从句中的语气(1)在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange...＋that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋原形动词”，且should可省略。Bob’sdoctorsuggeststhathe(should)restforafewdays.(3)表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand,determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.同样，如主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，那么that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。Hersuggestionwasthatthey(should)carryontheirconversationinFrench.过关落实1.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which解析：what引导的句子作主语，在从句中what作主语。答案：A2.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson________youwanttouseitfor.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether解析：what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。答案：A3.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake________itis.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where解析：what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。答案：A4.Youcanonlybesureof________youhaveatpresent；youcannotbesureofsomething________youmightgetinthefuture.A.that；whatB.what；/C.which；thatD./；that解析：what引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可省略。答案：B5.Whynottryyourluckdowntown，Bob?That’s________thebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why解析：由“downtown”可知，应该使用表地点的引导词“where”。答案：A6.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed，and________allthelightswereoff，theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where解析：and连接两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。答案：B7.Thetraditionalviewis________wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that解析：that引导表语从句，不做任何句子成分，但一般不能省略。答案：D8.—It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestory，believeitornot，________wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when解析：此处that引导的句子作thestory的同位语从句。答案：B9.________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.WhateverD.Whichever解析：whichever引导的句子在句中作主语，不能用nomatterwhich代替，因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。答案：D10.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass________hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because解析：此处that引导的句子作hisreason的同位语。答案：B11.________differentlifeistodayfrom________itusedtobetenyearsago!A.How；whatB.What；whatC.How；thatD.What；that解析：how与形容词different构成感叹句；whatitused