高考英语语法复习――名词性从句

来安县半塔中学梅崇兵高考英语语法复习名词性从句•【考点概述】•名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它既是高中英语教学的重点和难点，又是高考的热点。名词性从句侧重考查学生在一定的语言环境中对该类从句的语序、从句连接词的运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识点的掌握。•【真题体验】•1.（09天津卷，7）Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.•A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that•2.(09北京卷，31）Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee______itgotanybetter.•A.whenB.howC.whyD.if•3.（09陕西卷，17）Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelpto______wantstodothejob.•A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever•4.(09上海卷，40)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.•A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how•5.(08,北京卷)Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21thcentury.•A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who•6.(06,全国卷)Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.•A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what•7.(08,湖南卷)Whenasked______theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved!•A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which•8.（06，北京卷）——Couldyoudomeafavor?——Itdependson______itis.•A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever•9.（07，全国卷II）_______mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which•10.（06，上海春季）Doris’successliesinthefact_______sheisCo-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.•A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why•Key:1.D2.D3.D4.D5.C6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B【考点扫描】•考点一：名词性从句连接词的分类及意义•名词性从句连接词主要有四种类型（1）that引导的从句，that无意义，不充当句子成份，只起连接作用；2）whether/if引导的从句，whether/if意为“是否”，不充当句子成份，只起连接作用；3）连接代词引导的从句；4）连接副词引导的从句。此外，asif/asthough也可引导表语从句。•例如：真题1答案为D，此处it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；真题2答案为D，if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句；真题3答案为D，考查whoever引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，whoever在从句中作主语，所以用主格；真题4答案为D，考查how引导名词性从句，作thinkof的宾语从句。•考点二：what引导的名词性从句•what引导的名词性从句也称为关系代词型what从句，其意思相当于“名词+定语从句”的意思，这是中国学生学英语中的一个难点，也是历年高考的常考点。所以准确理解what从句的句意，了解其用法就显得尤为重要。•例如：真题5答案为C。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当主语；真题6答案为D。what引导表语从句，并在从句中充当宾语；真题7答案为A。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当宾语；真题8答案为C。what引导介词宾语从句，并在句中充当表语：真题9答案为A。what引导主语从句，并在句中充当主语。•考点三：Whether和if（是否）在名词性从句中的使用•1.whether可引导各种名词性从句，尤其是在介词后或与ornot以及todo连用时常用whether；if只可引导动词（discuss,decide除外）后面的宾语从句或用it作形式主语的主语从句。例如：•Whetherwewillgocampingdependsontheweather.•Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.•Hedoesn’tknowwhetherheisgoingtostayornot.•It’sstilluncertainwhether/ifheiscoming.•2.动词discuss,decide后引导的宾语从句宜用whether，不用if。例如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldhaveatripatweekend.•3.否定式宾语从句中宜用if不用whether。例如：Iwonderifitisn’tgoingtoraintomorrow.•考点四：连词that的省略•that引导名词性从句往往表达一个statement或fact，在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。但注意：•（1）that从句放在句首时，连词that是绝对不能省略的。例如•It’sapity(that)you’releaving.•Thathepassedtheexammadehisparentspleased.•（2）that从句一般都不能充当介词的宾语，但exceptthatinthat除外。例如：•Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlebitcareless.•Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimalsinthattheycanuselanguage.•（3）that引导表语从句时一般不省略。例如：Thereasonwhytheywerealwayspoorwasthattheypaidlittleattentiontoeducation.that在句中不作成份，但不能省略。•（4）that引导同位语从句时一般不省略。例如：真题10答案为B。又如：•Theproposalthatweshouldimportequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.that引导的从句说明proposal的内容。•考点五：同位语从句与定语从句的区别•同位语从句一般位于某些抽象名词之后，如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等，对这些名词起补充说明作用，连词that只起引导作用，在从句中不作任何成份。因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成份。而在定语从句中，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面that在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.（同位语从句）•Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（定语从句）【考点训练】•一、单项填空•1.（09全国卷Ⅰ，24）CouldIspeakto_____isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?•A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever•2.（09江苏卷，34）ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave____couldbelife’smostimportantdecision-marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.•A.asB.thatC.whichD.what•3.（09安徽卷，27）Agoodfriendofminefrom____IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.•A.howB.whomC.whenD.which•4.（09四川卷，7）Newscamefromtheschooloffice____WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.•A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where•5.（09浙江卷，12）——Isthereanypossibility_____youcouldpickmeupattheairport?——Noproblem.•A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what•6.（09重庆卷，31）Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request____theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.•A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where•7.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____youknowisgoodattyping?•A.whomB.whomeverC.whoseD.whoever•8._____shewasill,Iwasexpectedtotakeherplacegreatlysurprisedme,forIdidn’thavemuchworkexperience.•A.ThatifB.ThatC.IfthatD.If•9.Thatartcentreis____usedtobeafactory,_____millionsoftractorsweremade.•A.what;whereB.where;where•C.what;whichD.where;which•10._____makestheschoolfamousis____morethan90%ofthestudentshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.•A.What;becauseB.That;because•C.That;whatD.What;that•11.Thereismuchchance______Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.•A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if•12.ThebiggestreasonIlikethenewruleis_____itsetsagoodexampletoyoungathletes.•A.howB.whyC.thatD.when•13.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased______hewasamanofaction.•A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether•14.Theseshoeslookverygood,Iwonder______.•A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycost•C.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost•15.Does______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?•A.thatB.whenC.heD.it•二、根据所给提示完成下列句子•16.S