高考英语语法复习――状语从句

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来安县半塔中学梅崇兵高考英语语法复习状语从句•【考点概述】•状语从句在句中起状语作用,可修饰主句中的动词、形容词或者副词等。在近几年的高考中,考查状语从句的题目出现得比较频繁,因此同学们应对状语从句的学习和掌握加以足够的重视。•【真题体验】•1.(09四川卷,20)She’llneverforgetherstaythere______shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.•A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when•2.(2001,全国卷)—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?•—Yes,Igaveittoher_______Isawher.•A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once•3.(09山东卷,28)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain____shewasandwaitforhermother.•A.whereB.whatC.howD.who•4.(2004,全国卷)Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.•A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as•5.(2008,北京卷)—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto_____I’llseehimtomorrow.•A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because•6.(2006,广东卷)JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,_____thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.•A.asB.ifC.whenD.where•7.(09山东卷,32)—Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?—itdoesn’train.•A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If•8.(2006,全国卷I)hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.•A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although•9.(2002,上海卷)AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,.•A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped•B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare•C.themorelifeyouareequippedfor•D.youareequippedthemoreforlife•10.(2008,全国卷I)TheweatherwascoldthatIdidn’tliketoleavemyroom.•A.reallyB.suchC.tooD.so•Key:1.D2.B3.A4.B5.D6.A7.D8.D9.B10.D【考点扫描】•考点一:状语从句的分类及常用连词•按照其作用和意义,状语从句可分为九大类:•1.时间状语从句•常用连词为when,whenever,while,as,after,before,till/until,since,assoonas,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely/barely...when等,此外once(一旦),immediately,directly(一......就)以及一些名词短语如:everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant等也可以用来引导时间状语从句,例如:真题1答案为D,when引导时间状语从句;真题2答案为B,themoment引导时间状语从句。•2.地点状语从句•引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体地点时,从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,但如果表示抽象含义时,从句则放在主句之前,这时它含有“条件意义”,意思为“如果(在那儿)......”。例如:真题3,where引导地点状语从句,指“呆在......的地方”,答案为A。•3.目的状语从句•引导目的状语从句的从属连词常用的有(so)that,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,从句中常用can(could)和may(might)等。例如:真题4,答案为B。•4.原因状语从句•常见连词有:because,since,as。例如:Shecouldn’tgetupbecauseherlegswerewounded;since和as表示显然的、无可争辩的原因或事实,多置于句首,不可回答why的提问。since的语气比as强,比because弱。例如:真题5答案为D。真题6答案为A。•5.条件状语从句•常用连词有:if,unless,so/aslongas,so/asfaras,incase,onconditionthat,onlyif(只要),ifonly(但愿,要是......该多好)。例如:真题7意为“如果不下雨就去“餐”,答案为D。•注意:•1)在虚拟语气中不能用unless,只能用if...not,例如:Hewouldhavediedifthedoctorhadnotsavedhim.•2)onlyif引导真实条件句,而ifonly常引导虚拟条件句或者感叹句。例如:•Onlyifyouworkhard,willyoupasstheexam.•IfonlyIhadtime,Iwouldhavemethim.•IfonlyIhadmethimearlier!•6.让步状语从句•常见连词有:though(although),evenif,eventhough,as,whether...or(不管......还是),whoever,wherever,whenever,whatever,whichever,however,nomatterhow(what,who,when,where...)。例如:真题8答案为D。又如:•Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.•Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youmustobeytherule.•7.比较状语从句•常见连词有:than,as...as,notso/as...as,themore...themore,例如:真题9答案为B,句中the不能省略。•8.方式状语从句•常见连词有:as,justas,asif,asthough。其中asif/asthough从句常用虚拟语气,若从句陈述的是事实或者实现的可能性很大,可用陈述语气。例如:•Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.•Hewalksasifheisill.•9.结果状语从句•常见连词有:so,(so)that,so...that,such...that。例如:真题10,答案为D。又如:•It’ssuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.•Tomstudiedhardsothathepassedtheexam.•考点二:时间状语从句的连词分类及意义•1.when,while,as•while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的,它引导的从句用延续性动词,若从句是非延续性动词,不能用while,只能用when。表示“一边......一边”的意思时用as或while。例如:•As/Whileshewascookingshewassingingsongs.•Shesangasshecooked.•当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作,而从句动作可以持续一段时间时,三个连词都可以用。如:•XiaoLibrokehislegwhile/when/ashewasplayingfootball.•注意:•1)when也可作并列连词,其意思为“就在那时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。例如:•Iwastalkingonthephonewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.•Wewereabouttogooutwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.•2)while除引导时间状语从句外,还可引导让步状语从句、条件状语从句以及作并列连词连接两个并列的简单句。例如:•Whilehewasrespected,hewasnotliked.(让步状语从句,尽管......)•Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.(条件状语从句,只要......)•MyhusbandisateacherwhileIamanurse.(while作并列连词相当于but,意为“而”)•2.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,theminute,theinstant(themoment),nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely/barely...when,once...这些从属•连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一......就......”,从句中用一般时态表示将来时态。例如:I’lltellhimthemoment/theminute/directly/immediatelyImeethim.•3.till,until,not...until的用法•till和until意义相同,多数情况下可以换用;until在肯定句中主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为“动作持续到某时间为止”。在否定句中,主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词,意为“动作直到......才开始”。例如:•Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.•Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedallmywork.•4.before,since的用法•before作连词时的基本意义是“在......之前”,用于表示时间或动作的顺序,如:Turnoffthelightbeforeyousleep.Thinkoverbeforeyoudosomething.•在表示“还未......就;不到......就;......才;趁;还没来得及......就”等意思时,需用连词before。例如:•Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.•BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.•since作连词时的意思是“自从......以来”,时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起,所以从句动词一般是非延续性动词,如果是延续性动词,则是“某动作结束以来”。如:•Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleftChina.•Ihaven’twrittentohersinceshelivedinLondon.•5.everytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句表示“每当......;每次......;下次......等”。例如:•Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.•Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.•ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.•ThefirsttimeIwenttowork,Ifeltalittlenervous.•考点三:目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区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