高考英语语法复习专题(15)直接引语和间接引语.

直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech直接引语变为间接引语的主要特点人称变化时态变化指示代词、时间状语及方向性动词的变化人称变化•Hesaid,“IwanttomarryAtlanta.”•HesaidhewantedtomarryAtlanta.•“Areyoureading？”heaskedme.•HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.•“Tom,comehere,please.”Hesaidtohim.•HeaskedTomtogothere.(不作改变)时态变化•如果主句为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应相应地向前推一个时态。•Ikeptaskingher,“Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?”•Ikeptaskingherwhenwewereleavingandwhenwewerecomingback.•Hesaid,“IwanttomarryAtlanta.”•HesaidhewantedtomarryAtlanta.•“Areyoureading？”heaskedme.•HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.•Iaskedher,“Haveyoulookedatamapyet?”•Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时指示代词、时间状语及方向性动词的变化P221直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语today/tomorrow/yesterdaythatday/thenextday/thedaybefore地点状语herethere方向性动词comego指示代词、时间状语及方向性动词的变化•Shesaid,“Iwillleavetomorrowmorning.”•Shesaidthatshewouldleavethenextdaymorning.•“Tom,comehere,please.”Hesaidtohim.•HeaskedTomtogothere.•若直接引语变间接引语就在原来的地方，或就在说话当天转述，就无需改变时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。•Hesaid,“itwillrainheretomorrow.”•Hesaidthatitwillrainheretomorrow.(在当天当地转述)主要句式的变化陈述句:say,tell,repeat,reply,explain,announce,declare,think.•Hismothersaidtohim,“You’llcatchabadcold.”•Hismothertoldhim(that)hewouldcatchabadcold.疑问句一般疑问句和反义疑问句：用whether或if引导，say改为ask,用陈述语序。•Shesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren’tyou?”•SheaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.疑问句选择疑问句：应用whether…or引导而不用if…or或either…or•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.特殊疑问句将原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，主语谓语动词用ask来表达，用陈述语序。•“Whataretheydoing?”IaskedGeorge.•IaskedGeorgewhattheyweredoing.含有请求、建议的疑问句可用asksb.todosth.,suggestdoingsth.或advisesb.Todosth.等结构转述。•“wouldyoumindingopeningthedoor?”heasked.•Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.(asksb.todosth.)祈使句将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式作宾补，将say改成ask,tell,order,beg,warn,advise等表示“命令、祈使”的v.,否定则在不定式前加not.•“Tryagain,Watson!”saidHolmes.•HolmestoldWatsontotryagain.时态不需要变化的情形直接引语中有明显的过去时间状语•Fathersaid,“Themovementtookplacein1945.”•Fathersaidthatthemovementtookplacein1945.间接引语着眼于转述事实时•Thelittlegirlsaid,“Ifoundthedogaroundtheshop.”•Thelittlegirlsaidthatshefoundthedogaroundtheshop.时态不需要变化的情形所转述的动作或状态在说话时仍在继续，且说话者对此加以强调。•Hetoldme,“Iamhelpingmydadonthefarmnow.”•Hetoldmethatheishelpinghisdadonthefarmnow.”所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句、格言谚语等,且说话者对此加以强调。•Ourteachersaid,“AllroadsleadtoRome.”•OurteachertoldusthatallroadsleadtoRome.时态不需要变化的情形直接引语中包含when,while,since等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句时，从句时态不变。•Theoldmansaid,“ItismanyyearssinceIcametolivehere.”•Theoldmansaidthatitwasmanyyearssincehecametolivethere.直接引语中包含某些没有过去式的情态动词。•Thestudentsaid,“Imustgohomeeveryweekend.”•Thestudentsaidthathemustgohomeeveryweekend.时态不需要变化的情形直接引语中谓语动词是习惯性动词。•Hissonsaid,“Iusuallygetupat6andgotoschoolat8.”•Hissonsaidthatsheusuallygetsupat6andgoestoschoolat8.•直接引语中的状语“…daysago”是从说话时算起。•Grandpasaid,“Imetherthreedaysago.”•Grandpasaidhemetherthreedaysago.当直接引语在动词insist,suggest,order,propose,demand等后，变成间接引语时要用虚拟语气，用“should+动词原形”。•Thebossdemanded,“Finishthejobwithinaweek!Mary!”•ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)finishthejobwithinaweek.