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176Vol.17,No.6199711ACTAECOLOGICASINICANov.,1997*陈灵芝 钱迎倩(,,100093)*(PD85-31):1997-02-25(IUBS)1991,5(SCOPE,UNESCO,ICSU,IGBP-GCTEIUMS)DIVERSITAS19967,,8IUBS10,5,5(STARs),1991,DIVERSITAS,,,:DIVERSITAS,,,,FRONTIERSINBIODIVERSITYSCIENCEChenLingzhiQianYingqian(InstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofScience,Beijing,100093,China)AbstractDIVERSITASistheonlyinternationalprogrammeofbiodiversitysciencetodate,whichwasderivedfromthebiodiversityprogrammeoftheInternationalUnionofBi-ologicalScience(IUBS)in1991.Currently,thepartnersco-sponsoringDIVERSITASareIUBS,theScientificCommitteeonProblemsoftheEnvironment(SCOPE),theUnitedNa-tionsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO),theInternationalUnionofMicrobiologicalSocieties(IUMS),theInternationalCouncilofScientificUnions(ICSU),andtheInternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgrammethroughitscoreprojectonGlobalChangeandTerrestrialEcosystems(IGBP/GCTE).AnoperationalplanhasbeenpreparedbytheScientificSteeringCommittesofDIVERSITASinJuly1966,andwasdiscussedontheExecuitiveCoummitteeoftheIUBSinAugust,1996.ThedetailedcontentsoftenPro-grammeElementsweredescribedontheoperationalplan.FiveofthesearethecorePro-grammeElementswhichrepresentthecentralpartsoftheDIVERSITASresearcheffort.Informationontheorigins,maintenanceandchangeofbiodiversity,onsystematics,inven-toryingandclassification,andthemonitoringofbiodiversitycontributetotheunderstand-ingofecosystemfunctioninganditsinteractionwithbiodiversity,whichinitsturnisbasicforsupportingtheconservation,restorationandsustainableuseofbiodiversity.TheotherfiveSpecialTargetAreasofResearch(STARs)aresoilandsedimentbiodiversity,marinebiodiversity,microbialbiodiversity,freshwaterbiodiversityandthehumandimensionsofbiodiversity,whicharebasicallycross-cuttingthemesamongthecoreProgrammeElementsandfocusonproblemsofspecialconcernwithinbiodiversityscience,butoftenneglectedorreceiveonlylimitedattention.TheflexibilityoftheDIVERSITASProgramme,thescientificinformationprovidedbyitsElements,aswellastheinternationalnutureoftheDIVERSITASagenda,allcontributetotheprogrammaticneedsofthepartiestoConventiononBiologicalDiversityasstatedinitsArticles.Threeaspectshavetobeconsideredforbiodiversitystudiesinnextfiveyearsplans.theyarethecorrectguidingideology,selectingthepriorityareaswithrepresentativeaccordingtothestateofourcountryandjoiningtointernationalprogrammes,suchasSpecies2000.Keywords:DIVERSITAS,biodiversity,ecosystemfunctioning,conventiononbiologicaldiversity,priorityareas.,CO2,33,,3,3,1992,,,,200,Smithsonian,(MAB);19942000(SystematicsAgenda2000)(IUBS),DIVERSITAS,1DIVERSITASIUBS,199124,1992,4:;;;,(SCOPE)(UNESCO),DIVERSITAS(I-UMS)1994DIVERSITAS,DIVERSITAS56617;;1995DIVERSITAS4,(ICSU)(IGBP/GCTE)49,[1,2]5,:1);2);3);4);5),,4,:6)(humandimensions);7);8);9)IUBS,DIVERSITAS,9[1],,1996-04-22,1996-071996-08-231996-08-24I-UBS,19959,5,(1);9,10,,9(coreelements)(specialtargetareasofresearch)STARs,91DIVERSITAS9Fig.1Therelationshipbetween9programmeelementsofDIVERSITASinthedraftofoperationalplan15,4,,:33,3,:,,,2000,[3]4STARs,5,,IUBS,1996DIVERSITAS[4]DIVERSITAS10,10,(2)121995[5]3,,,;,;,,,,5676:2DIVERSITAS1015,610Fig.2TenprogrammeelementsofDIVERSITASaninternationalprogrammeofbiodiversityscienceCoreprogrammeelementsarenumber1to5,andspe-cialtargetareasofresearch(STARs)arenumbered6to10,:,,,,,,2,,,,,,2.1CO2,,,,(configuration),(ecosystempatterns),,,,(communityprocesses)(communitypatterns);,,,(resilence),,;,,,,2.2,,,:2.2.1(keystonespecies)Paine[5,6],,,;;;;56817,;(),,;,[7],,2.2.2(redundancyhypothesis)Walker[8]LawtonBrown[9],(functionalcompensationhypothesis),2.2.3(rivethypothesis),,,,,,,2.3,52.3.1,;,;,,,2.3.2,,,,2.3.3,,3,,;,,,;;,,;,C3C4CAM,2.3.4Vitousek[10]Chapin[11],,;,,;;;,,-(top-downcontrol);,;,,5696:-(down-topcontrol),;;,,,2.3.5,,,,,,,,7:;;;;/;;7Heywood[12]3DIVERSITAS,DIVERSITAS,,DIVERSITAS,10,,1213,DIVERSITAS14,,DIVERSITAS:11;89;10(a),(b),(d)21,6,8,9103:7,8(j)47,(a)(b)56,8,91066,8,91076,7,8,1016171857017,199525(SBSTTA)1995,,DIVERSITASSTAR87,9,101591,710108,9,1011DIVERSITAS4DIVERSITAS101991IUBS,,,,DIVERSITAS10,,200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.180,1992,;,4.2,??,?,,,,,,4.3DIVERSITASDI-VERSITAS,,DIVERSITAS,,[1]2000(Species2000),2000UNEP19961997(BiodiversityWorkProgramme),(ClearingHouseMechanism)19963,18,:(fungi)5716:20001996101,(an-nualchecklist),,CD-ROMInternet,,,Species2000,,,,1,..,1996,16:2952992,.DIVERSITAS.,1996,4:1251293,,..,1996,8:144IUBS,SCOPE,UNESCOetal.DIVERSITAS,AnInternationanProgrammeofBiodiversityScience,OperationalPlan,19965PaineRT.Foodwebcomplexityandspeciesdiversity.AmericanNaturalist,1966,100:65756PaineRT.Anoteontrophiccomplexityandcommunitystability.AmericanNaturalist,1969,103:91937SchulzeE-D,MooneyHA.BiodiversityandEcosystemFunction.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,19938Walker,B.H.Biodiversityandecologicalredundancy.ConservationBiology,1992,6:18239LawtonJHandBrown.VK.Redundancyinecosystem,In:SchulzeE-DandMooneyHA.eds.BiodiversityandEcosystemFunction.Springer-Verlage,Berlin,1993.255270.10VitousekPM.Biologicalinvasionsandecosystemprocesses:Towardsandintegrationofpopulationbiologyandecosystemstudies.Oi