高中英语语法复习专题之03介词和连词海丰县梅陇中学许玮俊一、介词介词和连词是高中英语学习的难点和重点,由于这类词往往具有一词多义性,及一义多词性,因而极易出错。由于汉语中对于连词的要求与英语中表达习惯不同,因此,在这方面考生容易忽略或掌握不透某些知识点,这些应引起我们高度注意。1、表示原因的介词:for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,of1)Hedidn’tanswer____fearofhurtingherfeelings.forfor:因为;由于某事物多用于表示内在的、心理的原因。2)I’mmuchpleased____yourarrival.at多用来表示感情上的原因,常和表示一定感情的词连用3)Hecametoseeme____business.4)Hecame____yourinvitation.for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,ofonon/upon:(表示为某事物的基础、根据或理由)由于,因为所表示的原因与条件直接相关。on5)Hewastrembling____fear.6)Hisfaceturnedred____anger.with多用来表示由外界影响到身心的原因。with7)Imetherquite____chance/accident.8)Hegotill___drinkingtoomuchyesterday.for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,ofbyby因(某事物)所致;由于;凭借通常用来表示由什么方式产生的for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,of9)Onreadingit,hefoundthataservantofthefamilyinFrancehadbeenputinprison,________nofaultofhisown.看了信,他得知他法国家中的一个仆人无辜地被关进了监狱。throughthrough表示消极的、偶然的、意外的原因和理由for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,of10)Helosthisjob________hiscarelessness.11)Theaccidenthappened_______nofaultofyours.throughthrough表示消极的、偶然的、意外的原因和理由through由于粗心大意,他丢去了他的工作。这事故的发生不能怪你。12)Doyouoftensuffer_____headache?你常头疼吗?13)Hefeelsweak_____lackofsleep.他由于睡眠不足而虚弱。14)Theoldmandied_____thecoldinthewinter.那位老人因为冬天的寒冷而死。fromfromfromfrom表示自然的或直接的原因for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,of注意:diefrom表示“因…而死亡”的意思,常常指除了疾病、情感等以外的原因造成的死亡。其后常常跟pollution,overwork,accident,wound,drinkingtoomuch,habit,smoking等一类表示外部原因或灾祸方面的名词。但有时也可以用来指由于疾病的原因而造成的死亡,只是dieof比diefrom更常见。例如:Hediedof/fromcancer.他死于癌症。for,at,on/upon,with,by,through,from,in,of15)Don’tgettired__life;youarestillyoung.16)Heisveryfond__playingbasketball.17)Thebeggardied__hungerandcold.of常用来表示情绪上的原因,因此常常与glad,fond,proud,shamed,tired同时等形容词连用ofofof不要对生活厌倦;你还年轻。他非常喜欢打篮球。那乞丐因饥饿和寒冷而死。注意:dieof常常指由于疾病、情感等原因造成的死亡。其意思为“因…而死”,其后常跟fever,illness,hunger,thirst,anger,despair,sadness,disappointment,grief等一类表示内部原因或情感方面的名词。还有dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof四个成语介词表示“因为”、“由于”,但他们在用法上有区别。1.becauseof用在句首或句子后面,表示原因。例如:Itwasallbecauseofyournecklace,yourbeautifulnecklace.那全是你的项链,你那条美丽的项链。Becauseoftheheavyrain,thesportsmeethasbeenputoff.因为大雨,运动会已推迟。2.duetosth/sb:由某人[某事物]引起的;由于某人[某事物],常用来做表语。例如:Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。Herfailureinthespeechcontestwasduetohernervousness.她在演讲比赛中失利,原因是她太紧张了。Theyarrivedlateduetothestorm.他们由于风暴而来迟。3.owingto由于;因为Owingtotherain,themeetinghastobeputoff.会议因雨而推迟了Icouldn’tattendthemeetingowingtoillness.我因病不能出席会议。owingto与dueto的用法基本相同,dueto做表语的情况多些,但与becauseof的用法有些差别。一般说来,owingto只引导一个修饰全句的状语,而后becauseof引导的状语又可修饰句子中的一部分。例如:Youmustn’tpunishthechildbecauseofsuchasmallmistake.你千万不要因为这样一个小错误而惩罚孩子。4.thanksto由于,因为;幸亏,多亏常位于句首,表感谢或讽刺意味。例如:Thankstoyourhelp,wefinishedtheworkheadoftime.多亏你的帮助,我们提前完成了任务。Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeenputoff.多亏这倒霉的天气,比赛推迟了。2.表示时间的介词in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon1)Hecamein1958andhasstayedhere______then.sincesince,自从…以来到现在,和完成时连用。另外,since还可以用作副词,表达同样的意思。2)ShewenttoNanjinglastMay,andshecameback____amonth.afterin,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,uponafter+时间常常和过去时连用,表示一个时间点。如:afterschool,dinner,3pm等。3)Theyworkedhard.Theyfinishedthework_____2daysatlast.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,uponwithin表示在…时间以内,而in强调以现在为基准,想将来延续,inanhour是从现在起一个小时之后。4)Theysaidtheywouldarrivehere____aweek.withinin5)Neverputoff____tomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.Theydidn'tsayaword___________themeal.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,tilltillduring/overtill直到…为止;during,over在…期间。如:AreyoustayinghereoverChristmas?6)Hehadfinishedthework___teno'clockthismorning.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,tillbyby不迟于;到…为止。后跟表示过去的时间用过去完成时,跟将来的时间用将来完成时。7)Theyplayedthecards________thenight.8)Theyaregoingtohaveagoodrest_______thesummerholidays.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,tillthroughduringthrough:从开始到结束,他们打了一整夜牌。during:在…期间,他们打算在暑期好好休息。in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,till9)Scientistssaythatitmaybefiveyears_______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.beforebefore:过了多久以后才…“五年以后才会在人体上做试验。10)Theplanetakesoffat10:00,soyoumusttrytobeattheairport___9:30.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,tillbyby:最迟在,不迟于,在…以前。你必须在9:30以前赶到机场。11)Thestudentswon’tgohome____________theyfinishtheirhomework.12)Thewomanworkedinthefactory___________1990.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,tilluntil/beforeuntil/before在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词,可与before直接替换,意义差别不大。13)Einsteinalmostknockedmedown_______hesawme.14)Hehadmeasuredme_______Icouldgetinaword.in,on,from,at,until,for,since,after,beforeby,during,over,through,within,upon,till当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为没来得及……或……才……等。beforebefore3.表示方向的介词in,at,to,1)Herushed___thewomanwithasword.2)Herushed___thedirectionofthesmallvillage.3)Herushed___thewomenwithasword.atintorushat: