Cisco网络设备日常维护与故障诊断目录•一.序言•二.Cisco产品线•三.设备信息收集•四.密码恢复•五.IOS确认以及升级•六.故障处理•七.设备配置以及优化•八.设备性能参数三.设备信息收集1.系统版本信息2.设备序列号a).机箱序列号b).模块序列号3.端口信息a).IOS操作系统设备b).CatOS操作系统设备c).E1或POS端口4.CPU使用信息5.内存使用信息6.日志信息a).配置打开日志功能b).显示日志记录c).日志记录时间1.系统版本信息------------------showversion------------------CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftwareIOS(tm)3600Software(C3640-IS-M),Version12.2(2)XT3,EARLYDEPLOYMENTRELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)TACSupport:(c)1986-2002byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledWed13-Mar-0223:16byshawnkImagetext-base:0x600089A8,data-base:0x6155A000ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version11.1(20)AA2,EARLYDEPLOYMENTRELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)ROM:3600Software(C3640-IS-M),Version12.2(2)XT3,EARLYDEPLOYMENTRELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)FZ_R3640uptimeis10minutesSystemreturnedtoROMbypower-onSystemimagefileisflash:c3640-is-mz.122-2.XT3.bincisco3640(R4700)processor(revision0x00)with60416K/5120Kbytesofmemory.ProcessorboardID25115809R4700CPUat100Mhz,Implementation33,Rev1.0Bridgingsoftware.X.25software,Version3.0.0.BasicRateISDNsoftware,Version1.1.1FastEthernet/IEEE802.3interface(s)2Serial(sync/async)networkinterface(s)8ISDNBasicRateinterface(s)16terminalline(s)DRAMconfigurationis64bitswidewithparitydisabled.125Kbytesofnon-volatileconfigurationmemory.16384KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(Read/Write)Configurationregisteris0x21022.设备序列号•机箱序列号设备序列号是获得厂商技术支持和换修备件的唯一标识,因此如何查找各种设备或模块的序列号需要关注。当然有个别情况设备中通过命令显示的序列号不正确,或者有些机型无法通过命令显示,那么只有从设备外部所贴的条码标签来查看。通常机箱标签会在电源附近,模块标签会在板卡芯片一面,多为黄色条形码。格式大多为8位连续数字或者11位连续字母数字的组合(前三位为字母)a).机箱序列号1).12000系列路由器ShowgsrchassisRouter#shgsrchassisBackplaneNVRAM[version0x20]Contents-Chassis:type12406FabVer:2ChassisS/N:TBA061500102).7600,6500,4500,3500,2900系列交换机,7300系列路由器Showversion3).7500系列路由器在高版本IOS支持ShowRSPchassis4).7200,3600,2600系列路由器无法通过命令获得5).4000,5000系列CATOS交换机Showversion6).PIX500系列防火墙Showversionb).模块序列号1).12000系列路由器ShowdiagSLOT0(RP/LC0):3PortGigabitEthernetMAIN:type68,800-6376-01revE0Deviation:0HWconfig:0x00SWkey:00-00-00PCA:73-4775-02revE0ver2DesignRelease2.0S/NCAB0443FB002).7600,6500,5000,4000系列ShowmoduleModPortsCardTypeModelSerialNo.---------------------------------------------------------------------------124CEF72024port1000mbSFPWS-X6724-SFPSAD0805062B52SupervisorEngine720(Active)WS-SUP720-BASESAD081502DB3).2600,3600,7200,7500系列Showdiag3.端口信息–IOS操作系统设备ShowinterfaceSerial1/0:0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisMultichannelE1Description:XiTai(No.3926)Internetaddressis202.105.196.29/30MTU1500bytes,BW2048Kbit,DLY20000usec,reliability255/255,txload113/255,rxload197/255EncapsulationHDLC,crc16,Datanon-invertedKeepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:08,output00:00:00,outputhangneverLastclearingofshowinterfacecountersneverInputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/13/16(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate1587000bits/sec,319packets/sec5minuteoutputrate915000bits/sec,262packets/sec164240packetsinput,108936956bytes,0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort126688packetsoutput,59191590bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,0interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout1carriertransitionsnoalarmpresentTimeslot(s)Used:UNFRAMED,transmitdelayis0flags3.端口信息–CatOS操作系统设备对于CatOS来说,交换引擎是用showMAC和showCAM命令来检查端口状态和累计计数的(注意不是实时的)。如果希望即时统计,可以先clearcounters清除计数再观察。******************showport******************PortNameStatusVlanLevelDuplexSpeedType------------------------------------------------------------------------1/1notconnect1normalfull1000NoGBIC1/2notconnect1normalfull1000NoGBIC2/1connectedtrunknormalfull10001000BaseSX2/2connected1normalfull10001000BaseSX2/3notconnect1normalfull10001000BaseSX2/4notconnect1normalfull10001000BaseSX2/5connectedtrunknormalfull10001000BaseSX2/6connectedtrunknormalfull10001000BaseSX******************showmac******************PortRcv-UnicastRcv-MulticastRcv-Broadcast--------------------------------------------------------------------2/1545760010912/2353105822/5457809169385202/6024403/112012016553823.端口信息–E1或POS端口•对于E1和POS端口,我们还需要关注showcontroller的信息。例如B1,B2,B3的错误计数,PSE,NSE的错误计数都与物理层和时钟的故障有关4.CPU使用信息CPU利用率是我们经常关注的信息,如果cpu利用率升高会导致整个设备的转发性能下降1.我们可以用showprocesscpu来检查当前的cpu利用率------------------showprocesscpu------------------CPUutilizationforfiveseconds:38%/20%;oneminute:33%;fiveminutes:34%2.对于过去72小时内的cpu利用率,可以用showprocesscpuhistory来观察。分为过去60秒,过去60分钟,和过去72小时三个表来记录平均利用率变化------------------showprocesscpuhistory------------------bj7301-103:41:36PMThursdaySep82005UTC3.对于PIX系列防火墙,显示cpu利用率的命令为showcpuusage------------------showcpuusage------------------CPUutilizationfor5seconds=2%;1minute:1%;5minutes:1%5.内存使用信息•我们可以通过showprocessmemory和showmemorysummary命令检查内存使用情况。需要注意的是我们不光要注意系统free内存,还要关注mempool中的largest内存(最大可用内存块),两者要都足够才能确保系统运行环境变量检查•查看环境变量#showenvironment确认温度、电压、风扇等环境变量值是否在正常范围内Slot#HotSensorInletSensor(degC)(degC)040.029.0SlotMBUS|CARD|PLIMVoltageLines#5V|3.3V5.0V2.5V|V3V4V5V6V7V8049523