计算机介绍英文版

Teacher:baiyanE-mail:[e-mail]1Chapter1:IntroductiontoComputers2Chapter1ObjectivesRecognizetheimportanceofcomputerliteracyDefinethetermcomputerandidentifyitscomponentsExplainwhyacomputerisapowerfultoolRecognizethepurposeofanetworkDiscusstheusesoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWebDistinguishbetweeninstallingandrunningaprogramIdentifythetypesofsoftwareDescribethecategoriesofcomputersDeterminehowtheelementsofaninformationsysteminteractIdentifythetypesofcomputerusersDiscussvariouscomputerapplicationsinsocietyNext3AWorldofComputersWhatiscomputerliteracy?p.5Fig.1-1NextKnowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheirusesComputersareeverywhere4Howisacomputerdefined?WhatIsaComputer?p.6ProducesandstoresresultsNextElectronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemoryProcessesdataintoinformationDatathatisorganized,meaningful,andusefulAcceptsdataRawfacts,figures,andsymbols5WhatIsaComputer?Whatistheinformationprocessingcycle?p.6Fig.1-2NextInputProcessOutputStorageCommunication6TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaninputdevice?p.7Fig.1-3ClicktoviewWebLink,clickChapter1,ClickWebLinkfromleftnavigation,thenclickInputDevicesbelowChapter1HardwareusedtoenterdataandinstructionsNext7TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisanoutputdevice?p.8Fig.1-3HardwarethatconveysinformationtoauserNextClicktoviewWebLink,clickChapter1,ClickWebLinkfromleftnavigation,thenclickOutputDevicesbelowChapter18TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisthesystemunit?p.8Fig.1-3NextBox-likecasecontainingelectroniccomponentsusedtoprocessdata9TheComponentsofaComputerWhataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard?p.8CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)AlsocalledaprocessorCarriesoutinstructionsthattellcomputerwhattodoNextMemoryTemporaryholdingplacefordataandinstructions10TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisstorage?p.8StoragemediaPhysicalmaterialonwhichdata,instructions,andinformationarestoredStoragedeviceRecordsandretrievesitemstoandfromastoragemediumNextHoldsdata,instructions,andinformationforfutureuse11TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisstoragemedia?p.8DigitalcamerasHandheldcomputersPortable,thinmemorycardsusedin:Next12TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisafloppydisk?p.8Fig.1-4NextThin,circular,flexiblediskenclosedinrigidplasticshellAUSBflashdriveisportable,andhasmuchgreaterstoragecapacity13TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaflashdrive?p.9Fig.1-5NextProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorZip®diskSmallandlightweightenoughtobetransportedonakeychainorinapocket14TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaflashdrive?NextProductCapacity(MB)Interface*ThumbdriveTouch()8/16/32/64/128/256/512/1024USB1.1DataTraveler2.0Hi-Speed()128/256/512/1024USB2.0HandyStenoHT202()32/64/128/256/512/1024USB2.0AudioStenoBP300()64/128USB1.1*1.1=12Mbps,2.0=480Mbps15TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaharddisk?p.9Fig.1-6NextProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorUSBflashdriveHousedinsidethesystemunit16TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisacompactdisc?p.9Fig.1-7NextFlat,round,portablemetaldiscCD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW17AccuracyCommunicationsWhyIsaComputerSoPowerful?p.10Whatmakesacomputerpowerful?StorageReliabilityandConsistencyNextSpeed18OnetypeisamodemNetworksandtheInternetWhatisanetwork?p.10EnablesaconnectionbetweencomputersCablesCellularradioTelephonelinesSatellitesNextCommunicationsMediaCommunicationsDeviceCollectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether19ToshareNetworksandtheInternetWhatarethereasonstonetwork?p.10ResourcesHardwaredevicesSoftwareprogramsDataTosavetimeandmoneyInformationNext20NetworksandtheInternetWhatisaserver?p.10Fig.1-8NextManagestheresourcesonanetworkAclientaccessestheresourcesontheserver21NetworksandtheInternetWhatistheInternet?p.11Fig.1-9NextWorldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillionsofcomputersClicktoviewWebLink,clickChapter1,ClickWebLinkfromleftnavigation,thenclickInternetbelowChapter122NetworksandtheInternetp.12Fig.1-10WhydousersaccesstheInternet?2.Information3.Shopping4.BankingandInvesting5.Classes6.EntertainmentNext1.Communications23NetworksandtheInternetWhatistheWeb?p.13AWebsiteisacollectionofrelatedWebpagesAWebpagecontainstext,graphics,sound,video,andlinkstootherWebpagesYoucanshareinformationbycreatingWebpagesorpostingphotosonaphotocommunityNextBillionsofdocuments,calledWebpages,availabletoanyoneconnectedtotheInternet24ComputerSoftwareHowdoyouinstallasoftwareprogram?p.14Fig.1-13NextAprogramisaseriesofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodoClicktoviewWebLink,clickChapter1,ClickWebLinkfromleftnavigation,thenclickComputerProgramsbelowChapter125ComputerSoftwareWhatissystemsoftware?p.15OperatingSystem(OS)isasetofprogramsthatcoordinatesallactivitiesamongcomputerhardwaredevicesandallowsuserstorunapplicationsoftwareUtilityProgramsallowtheusertoperformmaintenance-typetasksusuallyrelatedtomanagingacomputer,itsdevicesoritsprogramsNextProgramsthatcontroltheoperationsofthecomputeranditsdevices26ComputerSoftwareWhatisapplicationsoftware?p.16Fig.1-15NextPresentationGraphicsSpreadsheetDatabaseWordProcessingProgram