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1ATeachingPlanofInternationalTradePractices（教案）ContentsBriefIntroductiontoInternationalTrade.......................................................................2InternationalTradeTerms..........................................................................................5TermsofCommodity.......................................................................................................17InternationalCargoTransport.......................................................................................26InternationalCargoTransportInsurance.....................................................................38PriceofGoods..................................................................................................................45InternationalPaymentandSettlement..........................................................................53Inspection,Claims,ForceMajeureandArbitration....................................................61BusinessNegotiationandEstablishmentofContract..................................................65ExportingandImportingProcedures............................................................................70ModesofInternationalTrade.........................................................................................712BriefIntroductiontoInternationalTrade（国际贸易简介）Teachingobjectives＆Demand⒈Tomasterthedefinitionofinternationaltradeandothertermsconcerned⒉Tounderstandreasonsforinternationaltradeandameasurementofinternationaltrade⒊Tounderstandproblemsininternationaltrade⒋TounderstandthetoolsofinternationaltradepolicyFocuson＆Difficulties：themeasurementofandproblemsininternationaltradeTeachingcontents：Ⅰ、TheDefinitionofInternationalTradeInternationalTrade，alsoknownasworldtrade，foreigntradeoroverseastrade，isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods,theformerofwhichiscalledtradeingoodswhilethelatterofwhichiscalledtradeinservices.Ⅱ、ReasonsforInternationalTrade1.TheoriginofInternationalTradeIntoday‟scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient(自给自足的).Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofinternationaltradeandeconomicactivities⒉ResourcesReasonsInternationalTradetakeplaceformanyreasons.Basicreasonofitistheunevendistribution(不均匀分布)ofresourcesaroundtheworld.⑴Naturalresources：thedistributionofNaturalresourcesaroundtheworldissomewhathaphazard（偶然的，随便的）,whichincludesLandresources、WaterResources、ForestResources、MineralResources、Biologicalresourcesandenergy（oil，wind，power）.⑵Favorableclimateconditionsandterrain(适宜的气候条件和地形).Thisisthemainreasonofagriculturaltrade.e.g.Peru(秘鲁)and(扎伊尔)Zair‟scopper;southafrica‟sdiamonds;themiddleeast‟spetroleum;theUSGreatPlains‟wheat;BrazilandColombia‟scoffee⑶Skilledworkers.US,Japan,westernEuropeancountryhaverichskilledworkers.⑷Favorablegeographiclocationandtransportationcosts.Forexample,Sino-Japan,USandCanada,EUtraderelationshipistosomedegreedeterminedbygeographicproximity(接近,亲近)andlowtransportcost.⑸capitalresources.developingcountriesneedtomodernizetheirindustryandeconomywithadvancedmachinary,equipmentandplant.However,theyarelackofcapital.⑹insufficientproduction(生产不足)⒊EconomicReasons(1)Absoluteadvantage------byAdamSmithintheWealthofNations(国富论,亚当·斯密),全称是国民财富的性质和原因的研究)-AnInquiryintotheNatureandcausesoftheWealthofNations(2)Comparativeadvantage____byDavidRicardo(大卫·李嘉图)inPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomy(1871)(政治3经济学及赋税原理)(3)Strongdomesticdemand:旺盛的国内需求⑷PreferenceReasons(偏好)Innovation(创新)ofstyle⒋PoliticalReasons⒌OtherReasons-----mainlyrefertoinvisibletradesuchastransportation,insuranceandtourism.Ⅲ、ameasurementofinternationaltradeNote：pleaserefertoteacher’sbookp1～11,E:出口总值I:进口总值Ⅳ、usefulexpressionInternationaltrade国际贸易Visibletrade有形贸易Invisibletrade无形贸易Modernbarter现代易货Tradeingoods货物贸易Tradeinservice服务贸易Technicaltrade技术贸易AmeasureofinternationaltradeBalanceoftrade贸易差额E－IBalanceofpayment国际收支平衡TradesurplusFavorablebalanceoftrade贸易顺差或出超E＞ITradebalance贸易平衡E＝ITradedeficitunfavorablebalanceoftrade贸易逆差或入超E＜IFavorablebalanceofpayment国际收支顺差或盈余unfavorablebalanceofpayment国际收支逆差或赤字investment投资FDIForeigndirectinvestment对外直接投资PortfolioinvestmentOrindirectinvestment间接投资4Ⅴ、ThetoolsofInternationalTradePolicy国际贸易政策的工具NTBs：Non-tariffBarrierstoimport进口非关税壁垒InternationalTradePolicy国际贸易政策(进口)进口关税ImportTariffCustomDuties；Tariff非关税壁垒NTBstoimport进口配额（ImportQuota）进口许可证（ImportLicence）歧视性的政府采购DiscriminatoryGovernmentProcurementPolicy征收的目的征收的对象或商品流向征收方法财政关税（RevenueTariff）保护关税（ProtectiveTariff）进口关税（ImportTariff）出口关税（ExportTariff）过境关税（TransitTariff）从价税advaloremduty从量税specificduty混合税compoundormixedduty选择税alternativeduty绝对配额（AbsoluteQuotas)：globalandcountry关税配额（TariffQuotas)与配额的关系：有/无定额的进口许可证许可程度公开一般许可证OpenGeneralLicense特种进口许可证SpecificLicense海关估价CustomsValuation贸易的技术性壁垒TechnicalBarrierstoTrade环境贸易壁垒EnvironmentalTradeBarriers外汇管制ForeignExchangeControlRed-tapeBarriersVER：自动出口配额（Volunta