【优化方案】2014届高考英语(大纲版)一轮复习多媒体教学课件:语法之状语从句(纯语法)

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语序:陈述语序状语从句必须由连词或短语引导,从句的句子结构要完整。(一)when,while,as它们都引导时间状语从句,都可做“当……时候”解。when意为“在……时刻或时期”,它可指“时间点”或“时间段”as意为“一边……一边”或“随着……”,着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。while只指“时间段”,意为“在……期间”,它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词,经常是进行时。while还可用作并列连词,意为“而”“但”,表对比转折。时间状语从句Wemustkeepsilentwhileothersarestudying.当其他人学习时,我们必须保持安静。Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn't.他们很惊讶一个孩子竟然能解决那个问题而他们自己却不能。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越糟。Thetrainhadjuststartedwhenwearrivedatthestation.我们到车站时火车刚发动。(二)assoonas,themoment,thesecond,theminute,directly,immediately都是“一……就……”的意思。nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when也是“一……就……”之意,但它们有时态限制,前面部分常用过去完成时,后面常用一般过去时。如果nosooner,hardly,scarcely在句首,句子要部分倒装。thefirsttime,thelasttime做连词时,意为“当第一次……的时候”、“当最后一次……的时候”。—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?你欠玛丽的钱想着还了吗?—Yes.IgaveittoherthemomentIsawher.是的。我一见到她就给她了。IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到她时觉得她非常诚实。我们一赶到那,天就开始下雨了。Wehadhardly/scarcelyarrivedwhenitbegantorain.Hardly/Scarcelyhadwearrivedwhenitbegantorain.Wehadnosoonerarrivedthanitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwearrivedthanitbegantorain.①“过很久(时间段)才….”强调经过的时间长Itwillbelong/一段时间before+从句(一般现在时)Itwaslong/一段时间before+从句(一般过去时)②“没过很久(时间段)就…”强调经过的时间短Itwillnotbelong/一段时间before+从句(一般现在时)Itwasnotlong/一段时间before+从句(一般过去时)③当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时,全句译为“来不及……就”或“不等……就”。(三)before的惯用句型ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.没过多久我就把这事全忘了。Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.他还没来得及冲进屋里救他们的孩子房顶就塌了。Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.我们要五年之后才会再见面。(四)till,until的用法两者都表示“直到...”,基本上可以互换,但是till不能放句首。当表示主句动作延续到某时才停止时,主句用肯定句。当表示主句动作到某时才开始发生时,主句用否定句,即not...until...,Notuntil从句或短语放句首时,其主句要部分倒装。I’llstayhereuntil/till12:00.(stay这个动作延续到12:00就停止,主句用肯定)Iwon’tleavehereuntil12:00.(leave这个动作到12:00才发生,主句用否定)Notuntil12:00willIleavehere.Hismotherdidn’tgotobeduntilhecamebackhome.Notuntilhecamebackhomedidhismothergotobed(五)bythetime(到...时)引导的时间状语从句,如果从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句谓语动词用一般现在时,主句谓语动词用将来完成时。Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.Bythetimeyoucomeback,Iwillhavefinishedthisbook.Sbwasdoingsthwhen...某人正在做某事时突然...Sbwasaboutto/goingtodosthwhen...某人将要做某事时突然...Sbwasonthepointofdoingsthwhen...某人刚要去做某事时突然...Sbhadjustdonesthwhen...某人刚做完某事突然...Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.Wewerehavingsupperwhenthebellrang.目的状语从句常用的词组sothat,inorderthat(以便...;为了...);forfearthat,incase(that)(以防...;以免...)sothat/inorderthat引导的从句常带有情态动词,inorderthat从句可放主句之前或之后,sothat从句只能放主句后。I’llspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanunderstandme.Hetookaraincoatwithhimforfearthatitmightrain.结果状语从句so...that和such...that(如此...以至于...)的用法so+adj/adv+that从句so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句so+many/much/few/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+that从句such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句so和such引导的部分放句首时,主句用部分倒装这种玩具是如此可爱,以至于很畅销。Itissuchalovelytoythatitsellswell.Itissolovelyatoythatitsellswell.Suchalovelytoyisitthatitsellswell.Solovelyatoyisitthatitsellswell.1.nomatter+wh~与wh~ever(无论……、不管……)nomatter+wh~只可引导让步状语从句,wh~ever则既可引导让步状语从句,又能引导名词性从句。当wh~ever引导让步状语从句时,可与nomatter+wh~互换。We'llhavetofinishthejob,howeverlongittakes.不管花费多少时间,我们都得必须完成这份工作。(howeverlongittakes是让步状语从句,相当于nomatterhowlongittakes)Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.无论谁救的这个溺水的女孩都值得赞扬。(whoever引导主语从句,不能改成nomatterwho)让步状语从句however和whatever引导让步状语从句的语序:however+adj/adv+主语+谓语whatever+n+主语+谓语Howeverhardheworked,hefailedtheEnglishexamination.Whateverahard-workingstudenthewas,hefailedtheEnglishexamination.2.as引导的让步状语从句①although和though引导的让步状语从句可以换成as引导的让步状语从句,即:原从句的表语〔adj和n(不带冠词)〕、状语(副词)+as+原从句其余的部分,主句②谓语动词(动词原形)+as+从句的其余部分(常带may/might),主句Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Althoughitwasrainingheavily,herushedout.Heavilyasitwasraining,herushedout.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.不管他怎么努力,他还是找不到工作。方式状语从句3.whether...or...不管...还是...,无论...还是...Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句一般要求用虚拟语气,从句动词用一般过去时表现在(be动词用were),用过去完成时表过去。但从句陈述的情况实现的可能性很大时,可用陈述语气。AistoBwhatCistoD“A与B的关系等同于C与D的关系”空气与人的关系就如同水和鱼的关系一样重要。Justaswateristofish,soairtoman.=Airistomanwhatwateristofish.比较状语从句1....adj/adv比较级+than......比...更...Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.2....as(so)+adj/adv原级+as......与...一样...(否定句常用so...as...)HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter(is).=HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is).Icanrunasfastasyou(can).Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker(did).3.The+adj/adv比较级...,the+adj/adv比较级...“越...越...”Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Thelongeryoustay,thebetteritwillbe.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.Themoreyouread,thebetteryouwillunderstand.使用状语从句要注意的问题:1.在条件状语从句(if/unless),时间状语从句(when/before/until/till/assoonas/themoment/once),让步状语从句(nomatter+wh~/wh~ever)中,用一般现在时表将来。I’lltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.We’llgowithyouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Whereverheis,hewillbethinkingofyou.2.有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或是it),从句的谓语又包含be动词,就可省略从句的“主语+be”部分。常见的省略的形式:ifpossible如果可能的话,ifnot如果不是这样的话,ifso如果是这样的话,ifany如果有的话,ifinneed如果需要的话,ifnecessary如果有必要的话1)Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(itis)nec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