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FlbihLSiDEPikMDFulbrightLectureSeriesDr.E.PatrickMcDermottEastChinaUniversityofPlitilSidLPoliticalScienceandLawU.S.LABORANDEMPLOYMENTLAWSOUTHWESTUNIVERSITYOFFINANCEANDECONOMICSChengduSichuanProvinceChengdu,SichuanProvinceNovember9,2007FulbrightLectureSeries2LaborandEmploymentLaw–TheU.S.dChiandChina3FoundationandDefinitions:FoundationandDefinitions: Expert–U.S.:LitigationpublicationeducationLitigation,publication,education Amateur–China:SdllbihlddiStudy,collaboratewithlawyersandacademics,researchandaskquestionsFulbrightLectureSeriesDefinitions4 Employmentlaw Employmentlaw Laborlaw Collectivebargaining Collectivebargaining LaborcontractinU.S.(2)LbiChi LaborcontractinChina EmploymentatWill–toavoidneedacontractFulbrightLectureSeriesAtWillEmploymentpy5 Employercanchangewages Employercanchangewages Job Hoursofwork Hoursofwork UnderthelawtheemployercandoashepleasesGETACONTRACT!!!!!! GETACONTRACT!!!!!!FulbrightLectureSeriesU.S.Law6 Personnelfilehasnospecialrole Personnelfilehasnospecialrole Instantmobilityunlesscovenantnottocompete Instantmobilityunlesscovenantnottocompete(injunctionplusmoneydamages)FulbrightLectureSeriesLegalContextg7 U.S.-CommonLawandStatutes U.S.CommonLawandStatutes“injunctions”underthecommonlaw ChinaStatutesundertheCivilLawprocess China–StatutesundertheCivilLawprocessFulbrightLectureSeriesU.S.LaborLaw–Collective8 NeoclassicalModel-Marketfocused NeoclassicalModelMarketfocused-Apurecapitalistmodelwhereworkerswereexposedtotheharshnessofthemarketforworkersexposedtotheharshnessofthemarketforworkersunderasupplyanddemandtheory-UnionswereanillegalrestraintoftradeunderthisUnionswereanillegalrestraintoftradeunderthismodel-LaborwasacommodityLaborwasacommodity-Upuntilthe1930’sandTheGreatDepressionlaborrelationswasaStateandnotFederalconcernFulbrightLectureSeriesrelationswasaStateandnotFederalconcernNewDealIndustrialRelationsSystemy9 NationalLaborRelationsAct NationalLaborRelationsAct-RighttoorganizeEmployerdutytobargainin“goodfaith”overterms-EmployerdutytobargainingoodfaithovertermsandconditionsofemploymentOutlawed“companyunions”-Outlawedcompanyunions-Righttostrike(economicwarfare)an“adversary”laborrelationsmodelFulbrightLectureSeriesNATIONALLABORRELATIONSACT10 Thismodelisbasedonthe“factory”systemof ThismodelisbasedonthefactorysystemoflabormanagementrelationsNoprotectionformanagement–managementhasnoNoprotectionformanagementmanagementhasnolegalrighttoorganizeortorequire“goodfaith”negotiation.gBluecollarnotwhitecollarFulbrightLectureSeriesNATIONALLABORRELATIONSACT11 Workersmust“organize” Workersmustorganize Obtainrecognitionby“representationelection” Employeronlyobligatedto“bargain” Employeronlyobligatedtobargain NoobligationforemployertoagreeWkk“fii” Workerstrytotake“wagesoutofcompetition”FulbrightLectureSeriesNationalLaborRelationsAct12 U.S.employersdislikeunionsandtrytoundermine U.S.employersdislikeunionsandtrytounderminethemdespitetheNationalLaborRelationsAct U.S.lawyersmakealotofmoneytrytoweakenthe U.S.lawyersmakealotofmoneytrytoweakentherightsandreducethepayofAmericanworkers Onebargainingthreatistotakeworkoverseas Onebargainingthreatistotakeworkoverseas AvoidobligationsofU.S.societyFulbrightLectureSeriesNationalLaborRelationsAct13 Amendedin1947(Taft-HartleyAct)togivecertain Amendedin1947(TaftHartleyAct)togivecertainemployerrights:-ExcludedsupervisorsExcludedsupervisors-ProhibitedUnioncoercionofemployeesLimitedotherUnionmisconduct-LimitedotherUnionmisconductFulbrightLectureSeriesChinaModel14 Communismmodel-Unionshave2roles: CommunismmodelUnionshave2roles:1Revolutionaryvanguard1.Revolutionaryvanguard2Pliiibl2.Postrevolution–transmissionbeltFulbrightLectureSeriesDeclineofU.S.LaborUnionMbhiMembership15 1980–1990-5.5%drop 198019905.5%drop 1990200358%drop 1990–2003–5.8%drop19702003113% 1970–2003–11.3% MonthlyLaborReview,January2006,p.43.FulbrightLectureSeriesDeclineinU.S.UnionDensityy16 1970–23.5% 197023.5% 1970198025%drop 1970–1980–2.5%drop 1980–1990–4%drop1990200331%d 1990–2003-3.1%drop 1970–2003–11.1%dropMisleadingasdeclineisgreaterinmanufacturing MonthlyLaborReview,January2006,p.45FulbrightLectureSeriesEmploymentLawpy17 AlongsideofLaborLawisindividualrightsor AlongsideofLaborLawisindividualrightsor“employment”law Historyisbacktoturnofthe20thcenturyandabuse Historyisbacktoturnofthe20centuryandabuseofworkersundertheneoclassicalmodel Statelaws-Hoursofwork,failingtopaythe StatelawsHoursofwork,failingtopaytheworkerandotherrelativelyprimitiveissuesFulbrightLectureSeriesEmploymentLawspy18 1938–FairLaborStandardsAct 1938FairLaborStandardsActTimeandonehalfafter40hoursworkedTimeandonehalfafter40hoursworkedDiEliliDepressionEralegislationFulbrightLectureSeriesFairLaborStandardsAct19 Norightto“doubletime”2xpay Norighttodoubletime2xpay Norighttoovertimeforover8hoursinadayoreven24!even24! ComparetoChinesewageandhourlaw(weekdaysafter8-1.5x,weekend2x,nationalholidays3x–after81.5x,weekend2x,nationalholidays3xbutovertimeduringweekdaysandweekendscanbereplacedbyrestdurationduringworkingdays)FulbrightLectureSeriesEnforcement–A