搜索
,,,(,100101)PROGRESSOFSTUDYONEMISSIONSOFGREENHOUSEGASESOFAGRICULTURELIMing-feng,DONGYun-she,GENGYuan-bo,QIYu-chun(InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing,100101,China)Keywords:Agriculture,Greenhousegases(GHG),CyclesofCandN,Globalchange:,,,,CO2CH4N2O,CO2CH4N2O,,,:;;;:P464:A:1000-2324(2003)02-0311-04:2002-03-08:(1967-),,,.:(:49971005)(:CXIOG-A00-06,CXIOG-E01-03-01).,,,,,,,,,1850,0.30.6[1],CO228010-6368.410-6[2],CH40.810-61.810-6[3],N2O27510-931410-9[4],CO2CH4N2O100010-9710-90.710-9,56%15%7%[3,5],16104CO2CH4()[6],CO225%[7],,9040%,[8],,CO2,,CO21.61.0GtC[9]CO2,,3.1Gt,1.1Gt[10]CH4N2O,1980199043%[11];,,CO2(CH4CO22030,N2OCO2220290)[5,12],70%CH490%N2O[13],11.1CH4,,CH460Gt[9],CH410%(),2003,34(2):311314JournalofShandongAgriculturalUniversity(NaturalScience)©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.30%[14]CH4CH4,pH116CO2CH4Fig.1ThevariationsinconcentrontionoftemperatureCO2,andCH4over160thousandsyoursrebailtbysouthpoleicecore,CH4,,(Eh)-200mv,CH4pH68,3040,20%CH44070[15]Schutz(1989),CH4115cm[16];CH4,CH4;,CH4,CH4[15]CH4,Schutz,CH4,CH4,,CH4,CH4[17]CH4,CH450%90%,,CH4,CH40.39mg/(m2d),0.75mg/(m2d),0.28mg/(m2d),0.41mg/(m2d),CH41.41mg/(m2d)[18],CH4,78%CH4[19]CH4N2O,N2OCH4,N2O,,,CH4N2O,,CH4,N2O;,CH4,N2O[20]N2O,,N2O-,N2O,N2O,N2O,N2O,CH4,CH4N2OCO2,KhalilCO2,70630mg/(m2h)[21],CO21.2,,,,,N2O,N2O,90%N2O[22],N2O,,;(),N2O,7.811.8,N2O70%[23];N2O,,;,,N2O,N2O,N2O249.92g388.66g103.48g,N2O199.58g2.98g[24],N2O,,N2O,N2O,;,N2O213()34©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[25]N2O,N2O,,;,N2O,[25],N2O,()N2ON2O,CH4,,N2ONO32NH4+(NH4)2CO3NH3[26],N2O;Tenuta,,N2O[27]N2O,,N2O,,N2OCO2,CO2,CO2;,CO2,CO2,CO2;,CO2CO2,CO2,;,CO2,,,CO2,CO2100280mg/(m2h),CO2120400mg/(m2h),[28],CO2CO2,CO2,,;,1570%[29],18601989,,270GtCO2[30],CO22,,,N2O1/3,28.42Gt[31]CH4,CH484%[32],CH4,,CH4N2O,,50%,50%,8.7Gt,CH40.022Gt[33],N2O0.000435Gt[32],CO23,,,3.1CH4,,CH4,,CH4199135,CH4;(10cm)CH4,CH4,[34],CH4;,,CH4[15];CH4,,CH4[35],CH45%90%,CH4,,CH4,CH4[34],CH4,CH4[36]CH4,,CH480Gt,CH416%,CH43132:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.25%75%[37]:,CH45%15%,,,CH4,CH4,,CH4CH4,:;;;;;CH450%3.2N2O,N2O,N2O,:N2O2347[38],,,N2O,CH4N2O,N2O,N2O64%55%[38]610cm,N2O[39]CaC2N2O[36,40,41]N2O3.3,,,,,,,CO2:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,CO2:1HoughtonJT.ClimateChange1995:TheScienceofClimateChange,publishedforIPCC,incolloaborationwiththeWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnionNationsEnvironmentProgrammeM.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,1996:4-15.2Monnin,EricAndreas,Indermuhle,AndrDallenbach.AtmosphericCO2ConcentrationsovertheLastGlacialTerminationJ.Science,2001,291:112-114.3Flckiger,JADallenbach,TBlunieretal.VariationsinAtmosphericN2OConcentrationDuringAbruptClimaticChangesJ.Science,1999,285:227-230.4JoshuaSchimel.Rice,microbesandmethaneJ.Nature,2001,403:375-377.5DongYD,ScharffeJM,LobertPJ,CrutzenESanhuezaetal.FluxesofCO2,CH4andN2Ofromatemperateforestsoil:theeffectofleavesandhumuslayersJ.Tellus,1998,50B:243-252.6RonaldGPrinn.:J.Ambio,1994,23(1):50-61.7RichardAHoughton.J.Ambio,1996,25(4):267-272.8HoughtonJT,BACollander,SKVarneyetal.IPCC.ClimateChange1992.TheSupplementaryReporttotheIPCCScientificAssessmentM.Cam2bridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1992:25-56.9,,,.(1998-1999)M.:,1999:229-245.10PhilipMFearnside.GlobalWarmingandTropicalLand-useChange:GreenhouseGasesEmissionsfromBiomassBurning,DecompositionandSoilsinForestConversion,ShiftingCultivationandSecondaryVegetationJ.ClimateChange,2000,6:115-158.11DanielALashof,DilipRAhufa.J.,1991,6(3):72-76.12ManneAS,RichardGRichel.Analternativeapproachtoestablishingtrade-offsamonggreenhousegasesJ.Nature,2001,410:675-677.413()34©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.