希腊神话简介

西方文化素质专题讲座之GreekMythology(1)[e-mail]kandRomanmythology––oneofthetwooriginsofwesternculturehavingenormousinfluenceuponwesternliterature,arts,astronomy,sociallife…SignificanceoftheCourseGreekMythsAreEverywhere--dailylanguagePlants:cereal-谷物;narcissus-水仙花;laurel-月桂，etc.Geographicalnames:Aegean爱琴海;Europe;Atlantic;Commonwords:chaos,panic,echo,fortune,siren汽笛,Idioms:theTrojanhorse,Achilles’heel,appleofdiscord,Whatelsecanyouthinkof?GreekMythsAreEverywhere--moderncommerceManymodernbrandsusenamesorimagesofGreekgods/goddesses,suchasOlympus,Nike,Amazon,Ajax,GreekMythsAreEverywhere--theunconsciousthoughtSubjectmatterofarts:Subjectmatterofliterature:WithoutadequateknowledgeofGreekmythology,wecan’tunderstandwesternart,literatureandphilosophy.LiteratureShakespeare(1564-1616)TroilusandCressida(tragedy)VenusandAdonis(poem)LiteratureShelley(1792-1822)PrometheusUnboundHymnofApolloJamesJoyceUlysses(Odyssey)LiteratureGreekMythsAreEverywhere--theplanetarysystemMercury--水星Venus--金星Earth--地球Mars--火星Saturn--土星Jupiter--木星Uranus--天王星Neptune--海王星Pluto--冥王星GreekMythsAreEverywhere--thezodiacalconstellations摩羯座—Capricorn—Saturn;水瓶座—Aquarius—Uranus;双鱼座—Pisces—Neptune;白羊座—Aries—Mars;金牛座—Taurus—Venus;双子座—Gemini—Mercury;巨蟹座--Cancer—Diana;狮子座—Leo—Apollo;处女座—Virgo—Mercury;天秤座—Libra—Venus;天蝎座—Scorpio—Pluto;射手座—Sagittarius--JupiterUrsaMajor大熊星座Constellation48outof88UrsaMinorConstellationLyra天琴座ConstellationHercules武仙座ConstellationArtsDaVinci,1506a16C.copyafteralostpaintingbyMichelangelo,1530(NationalGallery,London)LedaandtheSwanApolloProgramPoseidonSubmarineTridentI&IImissile……OtherAspectsGreekmythologyconsistsof3parts:＊Originsoftheworld＊Livesandadventuresofgods&goddesses＊Livesandadventuresofheroes&heroinesCourseDescriptionThingstobeCoveredintheCourseCourseDescriptionThiscourseintroduces:Originsoftheworld—howtheworldbeginsitsGodsandGoddess—whotheyareandwhattheydoitsHeroes&Heroines—Trojanwarheroes;Kingsitsfeatures—whatwecanknowaboutGreekandWesternspiritfromthemythologyRecommendedReading希腊罗马神话欣赏（英文）王磊编著，上海外语教育出版社，2008RecommendedWebsite(2000-1400BC)(1400-1100BC)(1100-750BC)(750-146BC)MinoanAgeCenteringontheislandofCreteNamedafterthelegendarykingMinos(2000-1400BC)克诺索斯王宫遗址距今3000多年前，克里特岛北部城市克诺索斯在卫生和舒适方面达到了相当现代化的水准。取暖、排水设施精良。历史上第一个把浴缸引进日常生活的城市。MycenaeanAgeNamedforthekingdomofMycenaeHighculturalachievementBasisforsubsequentmythsoftheheroes(1400-1100BC)国王的面具黄金制品迈锡尼公元前16世纪TheDarkAges(1100-750BC)1100BC--falloftheMyceneancivilizations750BC--readoptionofwritingAftertheTrojanWarstheMycenaeanswentthroughaperiodofcivilwar,thecountrywasweakandatribecalledtheHellenstookover.AsmalltribeofshepherdsfromthebanksoftheRiverDanube;BackwardculturePre-eminentStage(1)developedthemostwidespreadandinfluentialnewpoliticalforms,thecity-stateGreekcolonizationofSouthernItalyandSicily(750-500BC)AthensreacheditsgreatestpoliticalandculturalheightsWarsbetweenAthensandSpartaConquerorAlexandertheGreat;GreeceextendedtoAsia,EuropeandAfricaPre-eminentStage(2)(500-336BC)FulldevelopmentofthedemocraticsystemofgovernmentthecreationofthetragediesofSophocles索福克勒斯,Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯andEuripides欧里庇得斯thefoundingofthephilosophicalschoolsofSocratesandPlatoPre-eminentStage(2)336-146BCDeathofAlexandertheGreat;breakdownoftheempireestablishmentofRomansupremacyPre-eminentStage(3)TheGreeksandTheirBeliefsTheGreekswere“atough,restless,ambitious,hard-living,imaginativerace.”Theybelievedinlivinglifetothefullest,becausedeathwasgoingtohappenwhetheryouwanteditornot.Theonlyresponsetodeathwastomakeamarkontheworld.Bealegend.ContinuedTheGreekshadmanygods.TheOlympiangodsresembledtheGreeksneedtobegrandiose.Theywerequarrelsome,unforgiving,jealous,vengeful,spiteful,sinfuldeities.BecausetheGreeksfocusedonbeinggrandiose,theOlympiangodsweremostlyportrayedasphysicallystrong,beautifulandintelligent.Thesameappliestotheheroesintheirlegendsandmyths.TheWorldaccordingtotheGreeksBothgoodandevilcomefromthegods.Heroesandmonsterscamefromthegods.Manyoftheconflictsthatareportrayedinthemythsarebetweenfamilymembers.Whatisamyth?AtraditionalstoryrootedinprimitivefolkbeliefsofculturesUsesthesupernaturaltointerpretnaturaleventsExplainstheculture’sviewoftheuniverseandthenatureofhumanityDistinctiveFeaturesofMythsatale,firsttoldorally;ofanonymousorigin;setintheremotepast,oftenavaguetimeoutsidehumanchronology;dealingwithcosmologicalphenomena;focusingonthelivesandwaysofthegodsanddivineheroeswhoseadventuresrepresentsignificantaspectsofhumanexperienceandrevealtheoriginandnatureofearlyritualsorcustoms,andsoon.DistinctiveFeaturesofMythsItisnotuniform,logicalandinternallyconsistent,butmultiform,imaginative,looseandoftenconfusingorcontradictoryindetail.Moreover,itssignificanceandemphasiscanchangefromonegenerationtothenext,fromonenationtoanother.WhatisGreekMythology?GreekMythologyisacollect