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六级语法长难句及翻译主讲：孔玮新浪微博：@孔玮Vicky词汇与语法Withoutgrammar,verylittlecanbeconveyed;withoutvocabulary,nothingcanbeconveyed.----D.A.Wilkins成型的语法体系语法有印象体系不连贯例句不给力--Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgofishing.--Ifyouwanttoliveahappylife，tieittoagoal，nottopeopleorobjects.--AlbertEinstein英文的词汇1.table,green,men,women,smile,love2.and,or,as,it英文的词汇1.Contentwords(lexicalwords)teacher,smile,love,money2.Functionwords(grammaticalwords)and,or,as,it(介词，连词，代词）英文的词汇1.Contentwords(lexicalwords)--Lexicalwordsproviderichmeaningandthushaveacontentfunction.2.Functionwords(grammaticalwords)--Grammaticalwordsperformastructuringfunctioninthesentence.英文语法1.词法－各类词的形态和变化2.句法－句子的种类－句子成分－遣词造句的规律英文的词汇Contentwordlocationrelationtimeconcept头村头，里头头几天headgoaheadaheadoftimefunctionwordGrammaticalization（语法化）英文简单句的五大基本句型1.主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.英文简单句的五大基本句型1.主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.spire=spirit:精，气，神英文简单句的五大基本句型respire呼吸aspire立志perspire出汗inspire鼓励expire断气英文简单句的五大基本句型1.主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.人生于世，求于世，搏于世，知于世，而辞于世。--吴经熊BeyondEastandWest《超越东西方》2.主+谓+宾-Iloveyou.2.主+谓+宾Ilovethreethings,thesun,themoonandyou.Thesunfortheday,themoonforthenight,andyou,forever.3.主+谓+宾（指人）+宾（指物）-Pleasedomeafavor.3.主+谓+宾（人）+宾（物）-Truelovegivesyouafeelingwhichisamixtureoffriendship,appreciation,supporttrustandhappiness.检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置。(需增加相应介词to/for.)4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.检验原则：宾语和补语之间加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.或成长，或沉沦，皆因有爱。检验原则：宾语和补语之间可以加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。3.主+谓+宾（人）+宾（物）-Pleasedomeafavor.-检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置。(需增加相应介词to/for.)区分双宾语和复合宾语-IwillmakeAlexmyhusband.-IwillmakeAlexacake.Anarrogantpersonconsidershimselfperfect.Thisisthechiefharmofarrogance.Itinterfereswithaperson'smaintaskinlife—becomingabetterperson.5.主+系+表系动词：linkingverb（连接主语和后面的成分）=主＋谓＋补-Youaremysunshine.YouaremysunshinemyonlysunshineYoumakemehappywhenskiesaregreyYou''llneverknowdearhowmuchIloveyouSopleasedon'ttakemysunshineaway5.主+系+表系动词：linkingverb=主＋谓＋补5.主+系+表-问世间情为何物？-解不开的数学难题，战无休的历史争斗，停不了的化学反应，永不灭的艺术真心。然而所有这一切，都不及我心中，独一无二的，你。简单句2020/5/251.抓主干：主谓宾2.修饰成分：定状补简单句修饰成分：定语，状语，补语简单句叠加变复杂难句修饰成分：定语，状语，补语Toolsandtechnologyhavebeenignored.Toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.AofBahard-workingmanB的AAofBAofBahard-workingmanamanofdiligenceB的AAofBtheinsightsofgreatmenofgenius天才伟人的洞察力AofBinExampartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements权利和义务相交换的部分•Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.根本性创新的源泉科学史学家和科学哲学家•Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.多年以来，作为，工具和技术本身在很大程度被所忽视。根本性创新的源泉科学史学家和科学哲学家有了这个信念，我们就能从中砍出一块。Withthisfaith,weareabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.----MartinLutherKingAofBinQuotation绝望之山希望之石AofBinTranslationFailureisthefoundationofsuccess;successisthelurkingplaceoffailure.AofBinTranslationFailureisthefoundationofsuccess;successisthelurkingplaceoffailure.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。--老子AofBinWritingThepervasiveissueof…isheatedlydebatedbythepublicrecently.Someindividualscontendthat…,whileothersclaimthat…观点原因Thereareprobablyseveralfundamentalreasonsofthisissue,andIwouldliketoexploresomeprimaryones.AofBinWriting目前越来越多的人认识到了健康饮食的重要性。句型练习AofBinWriting目前越来越多的人认识到了健康饮食的重要性。Todayanincreasingnumberofpeoplehaverealizedthesignificanceofhealthydiet.句型练习MoreandmoreinWriting越来越+名词-anincreasingnumberof＋n.-agrowingnumberof-anexpandingnumberof越来越+形容词-beincreasingly+adj.-beprogressively+adj英文思维黄金法则谓语单一尾重原则英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一有很多恋人最后都变成了陌生人。英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一有很多恋人最后都变成了陌生人。Therearemanyloversbecomethestrangersfinally.英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一－一个简单句只能有一个谓语。－如果要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式：a.连词b.非谓语动词C.从句英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一Therearemanyloversbecomethestrangersfinally.并列：Therearemanyloversandtheybecomethestrangersfinally.英文思维黄金法则并列：Therearemanyloversandtheybecomethestrangersfinally.一个复杂句里有N个谓语动词就意味着有N个简单句，需要N-1个连接词。英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一非谓语动词－V-ing（主动）－V-ed（被动）－todo（将要）英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一非谓语动词Therearemanyloversbecomingthestrangersfinally.英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一从句Therearemanyloverswhobecomethestrangersfinally.英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一－一个简单句只能有一个谓语。－如果一个句中要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式：a.并列连词，and,or,but.b.非谓语动词C.从句英文思维黄金法则1.谓语单一非谓语动词Therearemanyloversbecomingthestrangers.英文思维黄金法则非谓语动词V-inginteresting主动V-edinterested被动中英思维转换中文的主动和被动古文：六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。－韩愈《师说》吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。－司马光《赤壁之战》身死国灭，为天下笑。－欧阳修今大国之攻小国也，攻者农夫不得耕，妇人不得织。－墨子中英思维转换中文的主动和被动现代汉语：1.琴弹得真好。2.这屋子设计得很合理。中英思维转换中文的主动和被动概念模糊中英思维转换中文偏好主动句Mancancanbedestroyed,butnotdefeated.----EarnestHemi