选修7Unit 4 Grammar (1)

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Unit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar—限制性定语从句第1步第3步第2步返回返回返回[生活中的语法]返回①I'veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.②Theboyswhohadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.③...andIdidvisitavillagewhichisthehomeofoneoftheboys...④...firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviews...⑤TheonlypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcups.[观察后的发现]返回[我的发现](1)以上句子中关系词作主语的为;作状语的为;作宾语的为。(2)⑤中省略了关系词。①②③④⑤that返回一、关系代词的用法1.关系代词的基本用法(1)作主语先行词指人时,用who,that先行词指物时,用which,that不可省略(2)作宾语先行词指人时,用whom,who,that先行词指物时,用which,that可以省略(3)作介词宾语先行词指人时,用whom先行词指物时,用which介词后不可用who或that返回(4)作定语:先行词指人或物时均用whoseThemanwho/thatcametosupperyesterdaywasmyuncle.昨天来吃晚饭的那个人是我叔叔。(作主语,先行词指人)Theman(who/whom/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名作家。(作宾语,先行词指人)返回①Heprefersthecheesecomesfromhisparent'sfarm.②Thenoodlesyoucookedweredelicious.③Nobodywantsthehousewindowsareallbroken.④Thedoctoryouarelookingforisintheroom.用适当的关系代词填空which/that(which/that)whosewho/whom返回2.关系代词只用which不用that的情况①作介词的宾语且介词提前时②在非限制性定语从句中③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用that,另一个应用which④先行词为that/those时ThisistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives.这就是怀特先生居住的房间。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.我给你看看我从刚对我们开放的图书馆借的小说。返回3.关系代词只用that不用which的情况①先行词是不定代词如:all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,few等或先行词被all,only,every,no,some,any,little,few等修饰时②先行词是序数词、形容词的最高级或被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时③先行词被thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时④先行词既有人又有物时⑤主句以疑问词which或who开头时⑥关系代词在定语从句中作表语时返回Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.这是我今年读过的最好的书。Heistheverymanthattheyarelookingfor.他正是他们在寻找的人。返回4.关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法(1)as既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等,引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配:thesame...as...;such...as...;so/as...as...Sheissuchanicegirlaswealllike.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。(as是关系代词,代替先行词suchanicegirl,充当like的宾语)返回[关键一点]在so/such...that...结构中that引导状语从句。Thisissuchabeautifulparkthateveryonewantstovisitit.这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。(由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分,故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。)Thisissuchabeautifulparkaseveryonewantstovisit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。(从句中动词visit缺少宾语,故应用关系代词as引导定语从句。)返回(2)thesame...as与thesame...that的区别:thesame...as与原物同类,即同类异物thesame...that和原物是同一个,即同类同物ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。ThisisthesamepenthatIboughtyesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。返回①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI’veeverseen.②Don’tbringthechildrentoseetheanimalsoftheyareafraid.③Doyouhavesuchbookswelike?④ThisistheverydictionaryIwanttobuy.⑤Shewillmarryaswealthyamanshecanfind选词填空:that,which,asthatwhichasthatas返回二、关系副词的用法1.关系副词的分类和作用(1)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,先行词是表示时间的名词,如day,time,year等。可以替换成“介词(in/at/on/during...)+which”。Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.我仍然记得我第一次去学校的日子。返回(2)where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,先行词是表示地点的名词,如place,school,factory,room,point,stage,position,case等,可以替换成“介词(in/at/on/under...)+which”。Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.我住在他过去常居住的房间里。I'vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon'tcareanything.我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的地步。(3)why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,先行词为reason,可以替换成“forwhich”。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天不高兴的原因。返回①Iwon’tforgetthedayIwasadmittedtotheuniversity.②Canyoutellmetheofficeheworks?③Doyouknowthereasonheisabsent?whenwherewhy返回2.以theway为先行词的定语从句中,若引导词在从句中作方式状语,则引导词是inwhich或that,而且通常可以省略;若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则引导词用which或that(作宾语时,引导词可省略)。Theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.他回答问题的方式很惊人。(inwhich/that在从句中充当状语)Theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他给我们解释的方式很简单。(which/that在从句中充当宾语)返回3.对一些特殊的先行词(如time,day,house,place,reason等)要注意具体情况具体分析,引导词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时用that/which引导定语从句,作状语时用when/where/why/“介词+which”引导定语从句。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.我永远不会忘记我们在一起学习的日子。(作状语)I'llneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespenttogetherlastsummer.我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在一起度过的日子。(作宾语)返回4.有时为了表达更清楚,可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to,from等。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.中国是风筝的故乡,从那里风筝传到日本、韩国、泰国和印度。返回三、定语从句中的主谓一致1.一般来讲,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Iwhoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.我是你最亲密的朋友,无论何时你处于困境中,我都会尽全力帮助你。返回2.“oneof+复数名词”等结构后的定语从句oneof+复数名词+定语从句谓语动词用复数theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句谓语动词用单数Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerelateforclass.他是上课迟到的学生之一。Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.他是上课迟到的唯一一个学生。返回[课堂高考小试]点击进入:课堂高考小试返回点击进入:第三步

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