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第3课时字斟句酌——驾驭推理判断类题目⊙怎么考推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题包括很多种，但主要考查推断隐含意义、推断目标、推断写作意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。这类试题的题干中常含有infer(推断)，learnabout(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。⊙怎么学在平时的阅读训练中努力使自己融入到作者的思想中，根据作者的逻辑思路去读，去理解，不妨在平时阅读文章时先遮掉某些段落，然后考虑之后可能会发生什么，然后再去验证。练习久了，一定能提升预测能力，化被动为主动。⊙怎么解解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。同时要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及内容的每个句子的意思，还要推断出它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时考生务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分——推理的前提，从中推断出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。解答这类题的一般步骤是：1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。【典例剖析1】体裁：记叙文话题：人生百态词数：290时间：6′(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，A)Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater，whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately，Ididn'tgotanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(静电)noise.Forsomereason，whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial，aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually，thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow，andtogetridofit，Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork，andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise，Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist，anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62，andthesetisworkingwellnow，butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn'treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.答案C[推理判断题。根据“...newspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。]2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedallnightmovies答案A[词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。]3.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.C.Byswitchingchannels.D.Byhavingitrepaired.答案D[事实细节题。由短文最后“Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。]4.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.答案D[推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles，shakingmyset.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。]【典例剖析2】体裁：说明文话题：科普知识词数：352时间：7′(2014·天津卷，B)Aworld-famousCanadianauthor，MargaretAtwood，hascreatedtheworld'sfirstlong-distancesigningdevice(装置)，theLongPen.Aftermanytiringbook-signingtoursfromcitytocity，Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.Shehiredsometechnicalexpertsandstartedherowncompanyin2004.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Here'showitworks：Theauthorwritesapersonalmessageandsignatureonacomputertablet(手写板)usingaspecialpen.Onthereceivingend，inanothercity，aroboticarmfittedwitharegularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcams(网络摄像机)andcomputerscreens.WorkontheLongPenbeganinAtwood'sbasement(地下室).Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.Theinventingfinallycompleted，testrunsweremadeinOttawa，andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2006LondonBookFair.Fromhere，AtwoodconductedtwotransatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewYorkCity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtimebecauseitcopiesthemovementoftheauthorinrealtime.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.“It'sreallyfun，”saidtheownerofabookstore，whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan'tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon'tgetfromaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasn'tbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinkshe'stryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid，“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn'taffordit.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文，题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿大作者MargaretAtwood设计的远距离签字设备——LongPen。5.WhydidAtwooddecidetoinventtheLongPen?A.Tosetupherowncompany.B.Towinherselfgreaterpopularity.C.Towriteherbooksinanewway.D.Tomakebooksigningslesstiring.答案D[推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知，经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫的巡回签名售书活动后，Atwood认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推测，Atwood决定发明LongPen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍