高考英语语法正反解读专题十一 正反解读名词性从句

专题十一正反解读名词性从句专题十一│考点荟萃考点荟萃名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关注，近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语境中连接词的选择，尤其是连接词what和that的辨析，以及whether与if表示“是否”时的区别。因此，正确区分名词性从句的类型，根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意义，确定恰当的连接词是一轮复习的重点。此外，名词性从句和定语从句的辨析，也是高考考查的重点。一、认识各种名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who(m)/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how。专题十一│正面解读正面解读从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说，名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。而定语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分，去掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征。如：Iwonderhowmuchtheseshoescost.(宾语从句，不可省去)HeistheverymanIlookafter.(定语从句，修饰theman)Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(状语从句)专题十一│正面解读1．主语从句Whowillgoisnotimportant.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.(形式主语it代替后面的真正的主语从句)注意：that引导主语从句放于句首时，不能省略。Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.2．表语从句Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.Myideaisthatwecangetmorepeopletohelpinthework.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.专题十一│正面解读3.宾语从句Ihope(that)everythingisallright.注意：(1)that在引导宾语从句时，常可省略，但如果有两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个从句的that不能省略。如：Iknow(that)hehasjustgraduatedfromcollegeandthatheislookingforajob.(2)如果动词宾语后又有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。如：Imakeitknownthatwe'llbeinvitedtotheball.专题十一│正面解读(3)如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的时态，但如果从句描述的是客观事实，从句时态不可调整“呼应”。如：Sherememberedthatshehadleftherwalletattheschoolgate.Ourteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.4．同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。如：Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.专题十一│正面解读注意：在动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：Heinsistedthathe(should)tryonceagain.Hisadviceisthateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.Itisrequiredthatstudents(should)attendatleast90%ofthelectures.专题十一│正面解读二、名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的问题，也是高考的常考点。连接词的选择要考虑它在从句中的作用和所表达的意义。专题十一│正面解读专题十一│正面解读连接词词义在句中所例句作成分从属连词that//Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.if/whether是否/Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.专题十一│正面解读连接词词义在句中所例句作成分连接代词who/whom/which/whose/what原疑问代词的意义；what更常表示：thethingthat/the…that所……的东西/……主语、宾语、表语、定语①Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.②Whokeptthedooropenallnightwasunknown.whoever/whomever/whichever/whatever无论谁/无论哪个(些)/无论什么主语、宾语、表语、定语①Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.②Youcantakewhicheverbookyoulike.专题十一│正面解读连接词词义在句中所作成分例句连接副词when/where/why/how原疑问副词的意义或“……的时间(thetimewhen)；……的地点(theplacewhere)；……的原因(thereasonwhy)”；……的方式(thewaythat)状语①Whenhewillgoisunknown.②Iwonderwhyhetriedtoavoidme.③ThisroomiswhereIwasborn.④Thisishowwework.1．what与that(1)【误】Allwhathedidwasforyou.【正】Whathedidwasforyou.【正】Allthathedidwasforyou.(2)【误】IwasthinkingthatIcoulddoforyou.【正】IwasthinkingwhatIcoulddoforyou.【解析】what引导名词性从句，what相当于thethingthat/the…that/allthat等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而that无意义，且在从句中不作成分。专题十一│反面解读反面解读2．who与whoever【误】Whoisthefirsttocomewillgetagift.【正】Whoeveristhefirsttocomewillgetagift.【正】Anyonewhoisthefirsttocomewillgetagift.【解析】whoever引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于anyonewho；而who意为“谁”。3．whether与if(1)【误】Theydon'tknowiftogothere.【正】Theydon'tknowwhethertogothere.(2)【误】Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.【正】Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.【解析】在以下情况只能用whether不能用if：专题十一│反面解读①作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时，用whether。Ididn'tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchtime.④whether可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”，而if不能。Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.专题十一│反面解读4．whoever与whomever【误】Pleasegivethebooktowhomeverneedsitmost.【正】Pleasegivethebooktowhoeverneedsitmost.【解析】此处，whoever在从句中作主语，因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。5．【误】Hewillwinthematchiscertain.【正】Thathewillwinthematchiscertain.【正】Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.【解析】that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。专题十一│反面解读6．【误】Whatweboughtwassomebananas.【正】Whatweboughtweresomebananas.【解析】what引导的从句作主语时，若表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数。7．名词性从句的语序【误】Sonowyouknowwhatshouldyoudo.【正】Sonowyouknowwhatyoushoulddo.【解析】名词性从句应用陈述语序。专题十一│反面解读8．【误】There'safactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasanimportantlanguage.【正】It'safactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasanimportantlanguage.【解析】Itisafactthat…句型中，It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that…从句。it不能换成there。9．【误】Heislate.That'swhyhegotuplatethismorning.【正】Heislate.That'sbecausehegotuplatethismorning.【解析】That'swhy………的原因；That'sbecause…那是因为……此处起床晚是迟到的原因，故用That'sbecause…专题十一│反面解读10．【误】We'lldiscusstheproblemthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheldinBeijingStadium.【正】We'lldiscusstheproblemwhen/whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldinBeijingStadium.【解析】如果用that引导同位语从句意义不完整，这时可根据情况选用whether,when等。专题十一│反面解读1．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ]Wehaven'tdiscussedyet________wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where【解析】Dwhere引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。2．[2009·北京卷]Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee________itgotanybetter.A．whenB．howC．whyD．if【解析】D考查宾语从句的引导词的选择。