高考英语语法精讲精练

1高考英语语法精讲精练名词、数词、冠词一、名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；名词的格：通格和属格（’s）名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词，例如：some,many,this,my等2、名词的数和单位词：1）复型名词+复数动词Thetrousersaretoobigforme.Pleaseshowmethesmallerpair.备用词：shoes,stockings,glasses,socksNOTICE:Apairofglassescostsquitealot.2）复型名词+单数动词A.ThenewsonTVisseldomsatisfying.备用词：mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theUnitedStatesB.Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.备用词：fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks3)集合名词+复数名词Thepolicehavesurroundedthebuilding.Cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录）.备用词：theenemy,(the)peopleNOTICE:表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:Myfamilyarewonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.Thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostissmallerthanitusedtobe.4)不可数名词作可数的情况A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况a(an)+adj.+n.Itlookslikerain.athirstyforknowledge(求知欲）aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.备用词：snow,breakfast,wine,oil,educationB.口语特例（特定场合）A(One)beer,please.Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.5)既是可数又是不可数的名词Ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子）Glassismadefromsand.（玻璃）备用词：paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)6)单位词A.个数apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)B.以形状表示个数agrainofrice,aflightofstairsC.容量aboxofmatches,acupoftea2D.计量ametreofcloth,atonofcoalE.其它a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)3、名词的格：1）’s的用法A.与时间有关的名词anight’ssleeptenminutes’walkNOTICE:atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walkB.和else连用bookcanthisbe?A.Whoelse’sB.WhoseelseC.Who’selseD.Whoseelse’s(A)C.‘s修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略ThisisJack’sbook,notTom’s.ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等，‘s后面的名词省略attheGreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)2)OF结构表示所有关系A.无生命的名词用ofthepriceofthesuccessB.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用ofCan’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?3)双重所有格‘s与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.thatbrotherofthegirl4)名词+名词（名词用作形容词）A.单数名词＋名词ashoe(flower)shopticketofficeNOTICE:thetailor’s(shop)B.复数名词＋名词sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots二、数词1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：易错数词：年月日及介词计算用词和数字相关的词2、综合1)数字表达：123,856,709onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredandfifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine32)年月日inthemorning;onthemorningofSeptember1;inSeptember;in1988;onSeptember1(onthefirstofSeptember)3、计算＋Sixandfiveis(are)eleven.Sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.－Fourfromsevenis(leaves)three.Sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.X16x11=176Sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.÷9÷3=3Ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.4、dozen,scoreA.threedozeneggs;threedozenoftheseeggs;dozensofeggsB.threescoreyears;a(three)scoreofpeople;scoresoftimes5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题．分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定．如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式．Morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.70percentofthefund(资金)wassuppliedbytheGovernment.6、“一个半．．．”的表达法．onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears三、冠词１、冠词应注意的问题习惯用法同一名词前不同名词的比较２、不定冠词1)成对的名词（此类名词间常有一种自然的联系）aknifeandfork2)amost+n.“非常“Thisisamostbeautifulcountry.3)a(an)与one之区别A.数字对比用oneItwasonecoffeeweordered,nottwo.B.对比Aknifeisnogood.(刀子不行）Oneknifeisnogood.(一把刀子不行）C.通用a(one)million,a(one)quarter4)a(an)与every之比较:threetimesayear;twiceeverythreeyears5)惯用法A.Whatasurprise!Whatalovelydress!quiteanicedayratheragoodideasuchafunnyexpression4B.toocoldadayHowlovelyadress!sostrangeapersonasgoodamapas3、定冠词1）普通名词组成的专有名词theGreatWalltheSummerPalace2）江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾thePacific(Ocean)3）the+adj.(-ing;-ed)A.指一类人，谓语用复数Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof.B.指一类事，谓语用单数Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.4）用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象（rain）、身体部位前Hehatesthetelephone.5）被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前Theboywhoyouarelookingfor(inblue,there,standingthere,dressedinblue)isastudent.4、零冠词1）街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等NationalDayNanjingRoad2）职位充当补语、同位语时Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool.3）成对出现的成语arminarm(手挽手),handinhand(手牵手),facetoface,sidebyside(肩并肩),dayandnight,youngandold,fromdoortodoor,frommorningtillnight,frombeginningtoend5、冠词比较1)gotoschool(hospital,church);inprison(强调用途）gototheschool,visittheprison(强调建筑物本身）2)I’llgotherenextFriday.(以说话时间为准）In1989,hewas28,andthenextyear,hewas29.(以所给时间为准）3)byair(plane,boat…)inaspaceship(onthebike,onthebus)4)Openthewindowtoletinfreshair.(泛指)Theairintheroomisnotfresh.(特指)5)beattablebeatthetable6)acupofcoffeeTwocoffees,please.Ilikewhitecoffee.Thisisaverygoodcoffee.ThecoffeeonthetableisTom’s.7)Mr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.AMr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.TheMr.Whiteyouarelookingforiswaitingtoseeyou.8)Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.9)thebestseasonoftheyearthebesttimeofyearEXERCISES1（单选）51.---I’dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.---Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a2.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtohavea.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice3.Hedroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup4.Thereareonlytwelveinthehospital.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor5.---Howmanydoesacowhave?---Four.A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachines6.Theofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof.(AADBCA)A.roofs,leavesB.rooves,leafsC.roof,leafD.ro