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非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive不定式Gerund动名词Participle分词Structure:tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice:1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语6.作状语在句中承担的成分:(1).主语Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight1It＋is＋形容词（表示人的性格品质）＋ofsb＋todo2It＋is＋形容词（表示做某事是怎么样）＋forsb＋todo注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出,如：kind，nice,good,polite,clever,careful，careless，foolish，（2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.如：difficult,hard,easy,important,dangerouspossible1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2).表语PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力学习).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)宾语Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoliketodomanagetodoaffordtodosth.负担得起做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事attempttodosth.试图做某事asktodosth.要求做某事begtodosth.请求做某事caretodosth.想要做某事choosetodosth.决定做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事demandtodosth.要求做某事determinetodosth.决心做某事expecttodosth.期待做某事failtodosth.未能做某事feartodosth.害怕做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事helptodosth.帮助做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事intendtodosth.打算/想要做某事learntodosth.学习做某事managetodosth.设法做某事meantodosth.打算做某事offertodosth.主动提出做某事plantodosth.计划做某事prefertodosth.更喜欢做某事preparetodosth.准备做某事pretendtodosth.假装做某事promisetodosth.答应做某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事wouldlike/lovetodosth.想要做某事thinkconsiderfindmakefeel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5.我决定不留下来。Idecidednottostay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj./n.+todo巩固练习2↑Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).宾补Complementallow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.医生建议他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodoadvisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事asksb.todosth.请（叫）某人做某事bearsb.todosth.忍受某人做某事begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事drivesb.todosth.驱使某人做某事electsb.todosth.选举某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事getsb.todosth.使（要）某人做某事hatesb.todosth.讨厌某人做某事helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事intendsb.todosth.打算要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事likesb.todosth.喜欢某人做某事meansb.todosth.打算要某人做某事needsb.todosth.需要某人做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事prefersb.todosth.宁愿某人做某事requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事troublesb.todosth.麻烦某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事1、whynotdo或Whydon'tyoudo之后。2、在固定词组hadbetterdo否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。It'scoldoutside.You'dbetternotgoout.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:3.4.…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）5.表示“只好,不得不”的but之后：(can’t/couldnotbut,can’t/couldnothelpbut,can’tchoosebut)1)It’sraininghard.Ican’thelpbutstayathome.2)Wecouldnotbutsweepatourbadluck.3)Ican’tchoosebutfinishthework.6.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbut____.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut____.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike____besides____.(do,sleep)crytogotodosleepImadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.A.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如Ihaveasmallchairtositon．(sitonthechair)Therearen’tenoughroomstolivein.(liveinenoughrooms)(5).定语Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)Heislookingfor__________.（一间可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.（没有什么可担心的）aroomtoliveinIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表结果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.onlytodosth竟然.......往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语）如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+V（原形）都是做状语。A.…too+adj/adv+to+do...太…而不能….B....+adj/adv+enoughto+do...足够….干…eg.Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.1.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In1935helefthomenevertoreturn.•who,which,w