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什么是口译笔记？口译笔记是指口译员在紧张的会场气氛中，在不干扰听辨源语的情况下，迅速地以简便的符号、文字等把讲话的重点内容记录下来，作为对大脑记忆的补充。它同时适用于中文和英文。为什么要记口译笔记？人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。口译笔记的功能•1）对大脑记忆存储起辅助作用•2）对大脑记忆提取起提示作用•3）有助于理清源语发言结构•4）有助于组织目标语结构口译笔记自身的特点•1）瞬时性：辅助短时记忆，译完就不用了，可以忘掉。•2）精炼性：讲话速度一般在120-180字/分钟，而人的正常手写速度在20-30字/分钟，因此口译笔记要符合“最省力原则”（principleofleastefforts），只能以最少的符号代表尽量完整的意义。•3）个性化：口译笔记只为自己服务，只要自己看懂就行，可以按个人符号系统和习惯记录。•4）逻辑性：好的口译笔记不仅要能帮助口译员全面准确地传达信息，还要做到调理清晰，能反映发言内容的逻辑关系。口译笔记的原则•1）听辨为先：保证听懂的前提下才可以去记笔记，要注意听辨和笔记的注意力分配。•2）脑记为主：脑记占70%，笔记占30%，要注意脑记和笔记的平衡协调。•3）得意忘形：记的是意思和逻辑关系而不是字词。•4）快速准确：使用精简缩略，用最少的符号代表尽量完整的意义。快速书写但不潦草。•5）清楚易认：书写规范，结构清晰，明确结束。•一、图形符号•二、人体行为符号•三、标点符号•四、数学符号•五、中文符号•六、谐音符号笔记符号七、化学符号八、生物符号九、地图标识十、英文符号十一、货币符号十二、其他符号十三、关联词/路标词state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构一.图形符号citizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfarmer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导，监督;顶点，顶级，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundaries多国，其他国家othercountries国民经济nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad进口import出口export进出口import&export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinesepeople经济实体economicentity，economist金融家，金融机构financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人，政府首脑stateleader广场square,plaze宏观调控，macro-control首都capitalcity1.重要important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming4.精彩wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,5.强调emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant1.特点，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof1.整体，全部，总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.团结，统一，团聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有国家所有人，人民群众主权和领土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting)∞1.关联linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof1.交流，交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership双边关系，bilateralrelationship多边关系，multilateralrelationship举杯，祝贺，协议，条约toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议，bilateralagreement多边协议，multilateralagreement⊕发展，develop,development发达的，developed发展中的，developing1.开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate2.形成，产生，出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.医疗卫生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution禁止，结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof1.歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困难，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远faraway近near,close台阶，进步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress过去，历史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上个月lastmonth去年lastyear前所未有的，unprecedented长久以来，很久以前，longbefore未来，将要,inthefuture改变，变化，改革，修改change,transform果实，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement1.（使）消失，废除，删除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.破坏，推翻，剥夺，取缔destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,4.倒闭，下岗bankrupt,layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解决，达到，实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃，放弃abandon,desert,discard二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.说tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review开罗宣言，CairoManifesto赞扬speakhighlyof,praise批评criticize众说纷纭，若干说法variousopinions改革开放reformandopeningup爱，关心love,concern,careabout吓唬，威胁scare,threaten1.听,listento2.开放,beopento:1.看，面对observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，显示，看出show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect←1.来come2.收到，受到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀请，应邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.卖sell2.获利makeaprofit1.去，到go2.引起，导致，为了resultin,leadto1.买buy2