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I摘要步进电机是一种进行精确步进运动的机电执行元件，它广泛地用于工业机械的数字控制，为使系统的可靠性，通用性，可维护性以及性价比最优，根据控制系统功能要求及步进电动机应用环境，确定了设计系统硬件和软件的功能划分，从而实现了基于8051单片机的三相步进电动机的开环控制系统。本论文主要介绍了基于单片机的步进电动机控制的规律、硬件的结构和组成，以及其工作原理。本论文设计的控制系统主要通过单片机存储器、I/O口、中断、键盘、LED显示器的扩展、步进电动机的环形分配器、驱动及保护电路、人机接口电路、中断系统及复位电路、单电压驱动电路等等的设计，实现了三相步进电动机的正反转、急停、加减速等功能。关键词：8051单片机；三相步进电动机；控制IIAbstractSteppermotorisasteppermotorforpreciseelectricalandmechanicalactuators,whicharewidelyusedinindustrialmachinery,digitalcontrol,forthesystemreliability,interoperability,maintainability,andcost-optimal,accordingtothecontrolsystemfunctionalrequirementsandsteppermotorapplications,todeterminehardwareandsoftwaredesign,function,inordertoachievebasedonthe8051three-phasesteppermotoropen-loopcontrolsystem.Thispaperintroducesamicrocomputer-basedsteppermotorcontrollaws,hardwarestructureandcomposition,anditsworkingprinciple.Inthisthesis,thecontrolsystemismainlythroughthemicrocontrollermemory,I/Oport,interrupt,keyboard,LEDdisplayoftheexpansionoftheannulardistributorsteppermotor,driveandprotectioncircuit,man-machineinterfacecircuit,interruptsystemandresetcircuit,singlevoltage-drivencircuitdesign,etc.,toachieveathree-phasesteppermotorrotating,emergencystop,accelerationanddecelerationfunctions.Keywords:8051;three-phasesteppermotor;control目录摘要.............................................................................................................................................IAbstract...................................................................................................................................II绪论............................................................................................................................................1第一章单片机的简介............................................................................................................3一、单片机的基础知识.........................................................................................................................3二、单片机微处理器的特点.................................................................................................................3三、单片机微处理器技术的发展历程.................................................................................................3四、单片机微处理器系列介绍.............................................................................................................6五、单片机微处理器技术的应用领域.................................................................................................6第二章单片机的组成与工作原理..........................................................................................8一、MCS-51单片机的内部结构..........................................................................................................8（一）MCS-51单片机组成..........................................................................................................8（二）MCS-51单片机存的储器结构........................................................................................15二、MCS-51单片机的外部结构........................................................................................................23（一）MCS-51单片机的引脚功能............................................................................................23（二）MCS-51单片机的复位和复位电路................................................................................24第三章步进电动机................................................................................................................26一、步进电动机的简介.......................................................................................................................26二、步进电动机的种类.......................................................................................................................26三、步进电动机的特点.......................................................................................................................27四、步进电动机的相关概念...............................................................................................................27五、步进电动机的特征.......................................................................................................................28六、步进电动机的控制原理...............................................................................................................28第四章系统硬件设计............................................................................................................31一、单片机控制步进电机加减速.......................................................................................................31（一）单片机硬件接口...............................................................................................................31（二）步进电机加减速曲线.......................................................................................................32（三）加减速过程的离散化处理...............................................................................................33（四）基于单片机的步进电机的控制.......................................................................................34（五）步进电机的加减速控制...................................................................................................35（六）步进电机的换向控制...........................................................................