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基础知识自测重点词汇讲练写作句型仿写基础知识自测1.______n.泥;淤泥;泥浆______adj.泥泞的;模糊的;混乱的一、单词拓展(A)单词派生mudmuddy2.______________vi.参与;参加______________n.参与;参加_____________n.参加者;参与者participantparticipateparticipation3._____________vt.分配;分发_____________n.分配;分发;分布状态_____________n.发行人;经销商;分销商distributordistributedistribution4._________vt.保护adj.安全的_________n.安全；保护；保障securesecurity1.All__________(participate)arerequiredtoworkhardtobuildpositivecontributionstosocietyandhavelotsoffun!1.作主语用名词。(B)灵活运用participants2.Lifeisajourneyandsometimesweneedtomake____________(adjust)alongtheway.2.作宾语用名词。3.Wesawalargegroupofpeoplewalkthroughthe_______(mud)countryroad.3.作定语用形容词。adjustmentsmuddy4.InChina,someworkersworkovertime___________(volunteer)formoremoney.作状语用副词修饰动词work。5.Weshouldreinforcethetraffic_________(secure)educationtoraisepeople’sawarenesstowardssafety.和traffic...education构成复合名词作宾语。voluntarilysecurity1._____________收到……的信2._____________极想;渴望3.________________不久前的一天4.________________参加二、短语翻译participateinhearfromsb.bedyingtotheotherday5._________完全变干;干透6._________(指河流、井等)干涸7._________在困难中;在危急中8.______________偶然遇到;碰见comeacrossdryoutdryupinneed9.__________________调整;使适合10.______________与……有关系/密切相关11.____________________满足某人的基本需要12.______________说实话tobehonestadjust(oneself)toberelevanttomeetone’sbasicneeds三、语篇填空OutsideMukapwasbuildingafire.Oncethefirewasgoing,he1._____(lay)stonesonit.Whenhot,heplacedtheminanemptyoildrumwithkaukau(sweetpotato),cornandgreens.Hethencoveredthevegetableswithbanana2.________(leaf)andleftthemtosteam.Isniffedthefood;itsmelleddelicious.Weateinsidethehutsittingroundthefire.laidleavesIlovedlisteningtothefamilysoftlytalkingtoeachother3._____theirlanguage,even4.__________Icouldnotparticipateintheconversation.5.________(luck),Tombecouldbeourinterpreter.Later,Inoticedatincan6.________(stand)upsidedownonthegrilloverthefire.Luckilythough/ifinstandingAfter7._____shorttimeTombethrewitoutofthedoorway.Iwas8.________(puzzle).Tombetoldmethatthecanwasheated9.________(dry)outtheleftoverfood.Theybelievethatanyleftovers10.________(attract)evilspiritsinthenight,sothefoodisdriedupinthecanandthecanisthenthrownoutofthehut.Otherwisetheydon’twasteanything.attracttodrypuzzleda1.laid由上下句谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时。注意，lay(放)是不规则动词。2.leaves因leave(叶)是可数名词，前面没有a等其它限定词，应当用复数。3.in表示“用”某种语言，用介词in。4.though/if由前后句之间的逻辑关系可知，意思是“即使(eventhough/if)我不能参加他们的谈话”。5.Luckily放在句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语，表示“幸运的是”。6.standing因notice…doing…(注意到……在做……)是固定句式。7.a表示过了“一段”时间之后。8.puzzled表示“(人)感到迷惑的”，用-ed分词作形容词。9.todry表示加热的目的，作目的状语要用不定式。10.attract由本句的主句的谓语动词believe与下文isdried,isthrown,don’twaste等的时态可知，用一般现在时，指现在的观点或习俗；主语是leftovers，故用原形attract。四、语段改错There’snoelectricityandwaterandevennotextbooksneither!I’mstilltryingtoadapttheseconditions.However,onethingisforsure,I’vebecomemoreimagineinmyteaching.Scienceismythemostchallengingsubjectasmystudenthavenoconceptofdoingexperiments.oreithertoimaginativestudentsInfactthereisnoequipment,andifIneedwaterIhavetocarrythemfrommyhouseinabucket!TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknowit,themixturewerebubblingovereverywhere!itknewwasTheboyswhohadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisagostartedjumpingoutofthewindows.before1.and→or前面有否定词no，否定句中表示并列关系用or。2.neither→either否定句结尾用either表示“也不”。3.在adapt后面加to固定搭配：adaptto适应。4.imagine→imaginative在系动词become后面作表语，要用形容词。5.去掉most前面的the因前面已有my修饰，不用the。6.student→students因后面动词是have。7.them→it替代前面不可数名词water。8.know→knew根据时态，此处应用过去时。9.were→was前面名词mixture为单数，故用was。10.ago→before单独使用，指“以前”用before。重点词汇讲练1.relevantadj.有关的；切题的例句Herappearanceisnotrelevanttowhethershecanbeagoodteacher.她的长相跟她能否成为好老师无关。联想relevancen.关联；相关性搭配berelevantto与……有关/相关(=berelatedto)Havenorelevanceto与……无关(=havenothingtodowith)例句Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontributiontowardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人保存的，而是给那些有真正生活需要的人的一种无偿捐助。2.voluntaryadj.自愿的;志愿的;无偿的派生__________n.志愿者v.自愿做__________adv.自愿/志愿地搭配volunteerforsth.自愿提供某物volunteertodo自愿做某事bevoluntarytodosth.自愿做某事voluntarilyvolunteer运用用volunteer的适当形式填空或完成句子。⑴Charitiesrelyon_______________(voluntary)donations．voluntary⑵They____________(voluntary)helptheagedintheircommunitywhentheyarefree．⑶Manyengineers_____________________________________(自愿来这里工作)onSunday．volunteerto/arevoluntarytoworkherevoluntarily3.operatevi.工作；运转；做手术(on)vt.&vi.操作；经营例句Thisgiftcoversthecostofexercisebooksandtextbooksforcommunityprimaryschoolsthatoperateinpoororremotevillages.这份礼物包含了贫困或偏远山村办的社区小学用的练习本和课本的费用。operatesth.操作/经营operateonsb.给某人做手术comeintooperation实施；生效operateabusiness经营一家企业搭配派生_________n.经营；操作；手术；生效operation⑵Thenewdrug______________________________________________(开始生效)notlongafteritistaken.运用根据汉语提示完成英文句子。(1)Whatskillsareneededto______________________(操作那台机器)？operatethatmachinewillcomeintooperation/willbegintooperate⑶他父亲经营着一家大公司，在几个城市里运营着且盈利很高。作为对社会的回报，他去年为一位动了手术急需帮助的病人捐了许多钱。Hisfather_______________________which___________________,makinghighprofits.Inreturnforsociety，lastyearhe___________________apatientinneed,who__________________.wasoperatedonisoperatingabigcompany,operatesinseveralcit