环境工程专业英语

环境工程专业英语ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringHanXiaogangCollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentFujianAgricultureandForestryUniversityTel:15059188544，QQ:1034756852EnglishProverbEverythingwillbeokayintheend.Ifit'snotokay,it'snottheend.每件事最后都会是好事。如果不是好事，说明还没到最后。----不到最后，谁也不知道结果.3ReviewoftheLastLesson4ReviewoftheLastLesson4.EnvironmentalProblemsEnvironmentalproblemsarealwaysinterrelated.Sometimesasolutiontooneproblemactuallycreatesanotherproblem.PeoplearesickImprovinghealthPopulationexplosionNaturalhabitatsaredestroyedAnimalsarekilledOutbreaksofinsectpestsUsingpesticidesEnvironmentbecomespolluted54.EnvironmentalProblemsPartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringHowdoesapersonbegintostudysuchanetworkofinterlocking(相关联的)problems?Tomakethetask(工作、任务)abitmoremanageable,weshouldrecognizewhatenvironmentalproblemspeopleareupagainst.Whatenvironmentalproblemsarepeopleupagainst？OverpopulationPollutionDepletionofResourcesChangesintheGlobalConditionTheWar6PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringOverpopulationOverpopulationmaybedefinedasthepresenceinagivenareaofmorepeoplethancanbesupportedadequatelybytheresourcesavailableinthatarea.Manypeoplearguethatthepopulationexplosionthathastakenplaceinthetwentiethcenturyisnowthemostimportantproblemweface.Itisimportantfirstbecauseoverpopulationisamajorcauseofallenvironmentalproblems:Fewerpeoplewoulduselessoil,chopdownfewertrees,andpourlesssewageintorivers.7PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringOverpopulationSecond,overpopulationandthestarvation（饥饿）thataccompaniesitaregenerallyhigheronourlistofpriorities（优先权）thanotherenvironmentalconcerns.Itishardtoarguethatanareashouldbesetasideasparklandtopreserve（保护）avanishing（消失）forestorsavanna（平原，热带大草原）whenthatmightbeusedtoraisecropsthatwouldpreventfellowhumanbeingsfromstarvingtodeath.8PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringPollutionPollutionisareductioninthequalityoftheenvironmentbytheintroductionofimpurities(杂质，不纯洁的东西).Smokepollutestheair;sewagepollutesthewaters;junkcars（垃圾车）pollutetheland.Weknowthatsuchcontaminationexists;itcanbeseen,smelled,oreventasted.Therearetwodistinctly（明显的，无疑的）differenttypesofpollution.Concentration（浓度，集中）ofOrganicWastesIntroductionofSynthetic（合成的）ChemicalsintotheEnvironment9PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAlllivingorganismsproducewasteproducts;wastesareassociatedwiththeactofliving.Upondeath,theentire（整个的）organismbecomesawasteproduct.Beforemoderncivilization,mostorganicwastesdidnotaccumulate（堆积，积累）intheenvironmentbecausetheywereconsumedbyotherorganismsandthereby（从而）recycled.Inmoderntimes,thenaturaldecomposition（分解）oforganicwastesdoesnotalwaysoperateefficiently.ConcentrationofOrganicWastes10PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringEverythingismakeofchemicals.IntroductionofSyntheticChemicalsintotheEnvironmentAlthoughmanynaturalchemicalcompoundshaveexistedforbillionsofyears,peoplehaverecentlylearnedtomakenewchemicalcompounds,calledsyntheticchemicals.Thequantityandvarietyofnewsyntheticchemicalsarestaggering（令人震惊的，难以置信的）.Theyarepresentinpaints（油漆）,dyes（染料）,foodadditives,drugs,pesticides（农药）,fertilizers（化肥）,fireretardants（阻燃剂）,buildingmaterials,clothes,cleaningsupplies,cosmetics（化妆品）,plastics,andsoon.11PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringSomeofthemaredrugsthatsavemillionsofliveseveryyear,andothersarepoisons.Becausemostofthemarenewtotheenvironment,thetraditionalpatternsofdecayandrecyclingdonotnecessarilyapply.BiodegradableNon-biodegradableSyntheticChemicalsSomesyntheticchemicalsbreakdownrapidlyintheenvironmentbytheactionofsunlight,air,water,orsoil,andsomeareeatenbylivingorganisms.Amaterialthatdecomposes(分解，腐烂)intheenvironmentasaresultofbiologicalactionissaidtobebiodegradable.Manycompoundsremainintheenvironmentforalongtimebecauseorganismsthatfeedonthemandbreakthemdownarerare.12PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringDepletionofResourcesAresourceisanysourceofrawmaterials，suchasfuels,minerals,water,soil,andtimberareallresources.Resourcescanbecomedepletedinthreedifferentways.First,asubstancecanbedestroyed,thatis,convertedintosomethingelse.Fuelsaredestroyedwhentheyareused:Coalisconvertedtoashesandgas;uranium(铀)isconvertedtoradioactivewasteproducts.Theashesorwasteproductsarenolongfuels.13PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringDepletionofResourcesResourcescanbecomedepletedinthreedifferentways.Second,asubstancecanbelostbybeingdiluted(冲淡的，削弱),orbybeingdisplaced(置换)tosomelocationfromwhichitcannoteasilyberecovered.Ifyouopenahelium-filledballoon(氦气球),thegasescapestotheatmosphere.Notoneatomofheliumisdestroyed,butneverthelessthegasislostbecauseitwouldbeimpossible,asapracticalmatter,torecoverit.Thesameconceptoflossbydilutionappliestominerals.14PartⅡIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringDepletionofResourcesResourcescanbecomedepletedinthreedifferentways.Third,asubstancecanberendered(放弃)unfitforusebybeingpolluted.Ifindustrialofagriculturalwastesaredischargedintoastream,oriftheypercolate(渗透)downthroughsoilandporousrock(多孔岩石)toreachasupplyofgroundwater,thenthesewaterresourcesbecomelessfitfordrinkingor,