美国消防协会NFPA-危害级数编写规定

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NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)ChemicalHazardIdentificationSystemThissystemisbasedontheNFPA704MHazardIdentificationsystemwhichutilizesafourcolordiamondlabeland0-4numericalhazardrating.TheDiamondhasanareaforhealthhazards(blue)andareaforflammabilityhazards(red),anareaforreactivityhazards(yellow),andanareaforspecialhazardnotations.Health-NumericalRating:0-MinimalhazardMedianLethalDose(LD50)•Rat,oral2,000mg/kg,or•Rabbit,skin2,000mg/kg,or•RatLC50inhalationofgasorvapor10,000ppm,ormist,fume,ordust200,000mg/m3foronehour.1-Slightlyhazardous;MildIrritantMedianLethalDose(LD50)•Rat,oral500mg/kg,but2,000mg/kg,or•Rabbit,skin1,000mg/kg,but2,000mg/kg,or•RatLC50inhalationofgasorvapor5,000ppm,but10,000ppm,ormist,fume,ordust10,000mg/m3,but200,000mg/m3foronehour.2-MildToxic,orStrongIrritantMedianLethalDose(LD50)•Rat,oral50mg/kg,but500mg/kg,or•Rabbit,skin200mg/kg,but1,000mg/kg,or•RatLC50inhalationofgasorvapor3,000ppm,but5,000ppm,ormist,fume,ordust2,000mg/m3,but10,000mg/m3foronehour.3-HighlyToxic;orCancerCausing;orMedianLethalDose(LD50)•Rat,oral5mg/kg,but50mg/kg,orChronicToxicity;orCorrosive•Rabbit,skin50mg/kg,but200mg/kg,or•RatLC50inhalationofgasorvapor1,000ppm,but3,000ppm,ormist,fume,ordust500mg/m3,but2,000mg/m3foronehour.4-AcutelyToxic.Deadly.ConsideredaPoison.MedianLethalDose(LD50)•Rat,oral5mg/kg,or•Rabbit,skin50mg/kg,or•RatLC50inhalationofgasorvapor1,000ppm,ormist,fume,ordust500mg/m3foronehour.Flammability-NumberingGuidelines:0-NoFlashPoint1-FlashPoint200°F(79.1°C)2-FlashPoint=100-200°F(37.8-79.1°C)3-FlashPoint=73-100°F(23-37.8°C)or73°F,butBoilingPoint100°F(37.8°C)4-FlashPoint73°F(23°C)andBoilingPoint100°F(37.8°C)Reactivity-NumberingGuidelines:0-MinimalHazard.Materialsthatarenormallystableandarenotwaterreactive.1-SlightHazard.Materials,whichcanbecomeunstableatelevatedtemperaturesorwhichmayreactwithwaterwiththereleaseofsomeenergy,butnotviolently.2-ModerateHazard.Materials,whicharenormallyunstableandreadilyundergoviolentchemicalreaction,butwhichdonotdetonate.Thisincludesmaterials,whichreactviolentlywithwater.3-SeriousHazard.Materialswhichareofthemselvesdetonable,butwhichrequireastronginitiatingforceorwhichmustbeheatedunderconfinementoraresensitivetothermalormechanicalshockatelevatedtemperaturesorwhichreactexplosivelywithwater.4-SevereHazard.Materialswhichinthemselvescandetonateatnormaltemperatureandpressure,includingthosewhicharesensitivetothermalormechanicalshockatnormaltemperatureandpressure.HazardCodeCriteria:Ifthebottomsquareisblank,thekitorcomponentcontainsmaterialswithnospecialhazards.CA-Carcinogen.Thiskitcontainsareagentwhichhasmorethan0.1%ofachemicalregardedasapotentialorknowncarcinogen.Amaterialisconsideredacarcinogenifiteithercausescancerinhumans,or,becauseitcausescancerinanimals,isconsideredcapableofcausingcancerinhumans.Amaterialisconsideredacarcinogenif:1.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)hasevaluatedandfounditacarcinogenorpotentialcarcinogen;2.TheNationalToxicologyProgram's(NTP)AnnualReportonCarcinogenslistsitasacarcinogenorpotentialcarcinogen;3.OSHAregulatesitasacarcinogen;4.Onepositivestudyhasbeenpublished.CO-Corrosive.Oneorallofthereagentsmaybeconsideredcorrosive.Acorrosiveisachemicalthatcausesvisibledestructionoforirreversiblealterationsinlivingtissuebychemicalactionatthesiteofcontact,orwhichcausesaseverecorrosionrateinsteeloraluminum.I-Irritant.Oneorallofthereagentscontainachemical,whichmaybeirritatingtotheeyes,skin,and/orupperrespiratorytract.Anirritantisanon-corrosivematerialthatcausesareversibleinflammatoryeffectonlivingtissuebychemicalactionatthesiteofcontactasafunctionofconcentrationordurationofexposure.Asubstancecapableofcausingareversibleorirreversibleinflammatoryeffecttotheskin,eyes,nose,throat,orlungs.Ox-Oxidizer.TheDepartmentofTransportation(DOT)definesanoxidizeroroxidizingmaterialasasubstancethatyieldsoxygenreadilytocauseorenhancethecombustion(oxidation)ofothermaterials.PB-BloodProduct.Oneorallofthereagentshashumanblood,humanbloodcomponents,orproductsmadefromhumanbloodandshouldbeconsideredapotentialbiohazard.T-Toxic.Oneorallofthereagentsinthekitaretoxic.Pleaserefertodefinitionsofhealthhazarddataforfurtherexplanation.S-Sensitizer.Thekitcontainsasubstancethatonfirstexposurecauseslittleornoreactioninhumansortestanimals,butuponrepeatedexposuremaycauseamarkedresponsenotnecessarilylimitedtothecontactsite.Skinsensitizationisthemostcommonform.Respiratorysensitizationtoafewchemicalsalsooccurs.W-WaterReactive.Thissymbolnormallyhasastraightlinedrawnhorizontallythroughthemiddle.However,ourdatabasecannotsupportthissymbolandtherefore,forRocheDiagnosticsMSDSpurposes,theWrepresentsawaterreactivechemical.Thekitcontainsasubstanceormixturethatreactswithwatertoreleaseheatoraflammable,toxicgas,ortootherwisepresentahealthhazard.

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