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《小学英语》语法专项复习蛟河市红星小学李景艳一、名词二、代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、therebe结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”“how”引导的特殊疑问句《小学英语》语法一、名词一、名词名词具体名词抽象名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后[s]2.浊辅音结尾的名词后[z]；3.元音结尾的名词后[z];books,cupsdogs,,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,结尾的名词+es[iz]buses,dishes,boxes,watches,以-o结尾的有生命力的名词+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes，以元音字母o结尾的名词+s[z]photos,pianos以辅音字母加y结尾的名词把y改成i再加es[z]stories,babies以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加es[z]leaves,knives不规则名词的复数1.由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：Japanese,Chinese,sheep,deer3.特殊变化：child-childrenPractice1.peach_________2.potato_________3.class_________4.box_______5.story_________6.woman_________7.house___________8.photo_________9.monkey__________10.leaf__________11.mouse___________12.foot__________13.child___________14.sheep___________peachespotatoesclassesboxesstorieswomenhousesphotosmonkeysleavesmicefeetchildrensheep《小学英语》语法二、代词二、人称代词+物主代词主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs我/我们你/你们她/他/它/他们后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语Practice1._______(她)ismysister.2.Sheoftenplayssportswith__________(她)father.3.Pleasesend_________(我)anemailsoon.4.Howcan_______(我们)getthere?Let_____(我们)ask______(他).5.________(他)hasglasses,_________(他的)shoesareblack.6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.7.________(你)mustkeep_________(你的)roomclean。8.________(他们)arenewshoes.CanItry_______(它们)on?9.Whosecoatisthis?--It’s_______(我的).10._______（我们的）booksarenew,theseare_______(他们的).ShehermeweushimHeHismemyYouyourTheythemmineOurtheirs所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加‛sMike-Mike‛s不规则的复数人称名词末尾加‛schildren-children‛s以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加‛girls-girls‛以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加‛sJames-James‛sof所有格表示无生命的名词一般与of构成短语，表示所属关系。of所有格翻译时英汉顺序不同“AofB”要翻译为“B的A”。如：apictureofBeijing一幅北京的图画‛s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfather‛s,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。《小学英语》语法三、冠词冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不定冠词a/an的用法：1.表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Mikewantstobeateacher.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour.定冠词the的用法：1.用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeast.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatissmall.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。TheletterfromAmerica.4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning.1.Thereis_____eraseronmydesk._____eraserisnew.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Mike'smotheris_____Englishteacher.Sheworksin____university.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Lastyear,Iwentto____GreatWallwithmysister.6____sunrisesintheeast7.Threemeals___day.8.Icansee____moonat___nightPracticeantheaTheanaanatheTheathe/《小学英语》语法四、动词四、动词动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。Be动词am,is,arewas,werePractice1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.They________inthehospitallastnight.10.I______notanurse.isareWerewasarewasiswasweream动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddoinghavehashadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearning第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。动词的过去式构成规则变化规则例词一般情况+edwork---workedplay---played结尾是e的+dlive---livedhope---hoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的词先双写这个辅音字母再+edstop---stoppedtrip---tripped结尾是辅音字母+y先变y为i再+edstudy---studiedworry---worried英语中动词变为过去式的不规则变化的规律1.把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变．如become—became,come—came2．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam，3．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive—drove，ride—rode，win—won，write—wrote4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：get—got，forget—forgot5．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept6.动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand—stood7．改动词原形中的aw／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw8．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式如：break—broke，speak—spoke9．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell—sold，tell—told10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是［:t］的过去式。如：buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught11．以ould结尾且读音为［ud］的情态动词过去式。如：can—could，shall—should，will—would12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hear—heardsay—said13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：cut—cut,hurt—hurt,let—letput—put，read—read，set—set14.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have／has—had，leave—left，lose—lost，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，smell—smelt，take—tookwake—woke，wear—wore现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词havegivegetreadsleepplaycarryhashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettin