核电专业英语词汇

11.1.原子核、核子及相关术语质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon核nucleus（pl.）nuclei原子atom光子photon正电子positron量子quantum,quanta(pl.)电子伏特electron-volt(eV)兆电子伏特megaelectron-volt(MeV)同位素isotope原子序数atomicnumber质量数massnumber超铀元素transuraniumelement元素周期表periodictable热中子thermalneutron快中子fastneutron复合核compoundnucleus1.2.相关元素与材料1.2.1.核燃料与增殖材料铀uranium（U）钚plutonium（Pu）氘，重氢deuterium，heavyhydrogen氚tritium混合氧化物燃料（MOX燃料）Mixed(UraniumandPlutonium)OXidefuel二氧化铀uraniumdioxide浓缩铀enricheduranium贫铀depleteduranium碳化铀uraniumcarbide钍thorium锂lithium锕系元素actinideelement易裂变的fissile可裂变的、可裂变物质fissionable增殖同位素fertileisotope核嬗变nucleartransmutation转化conversion1.2.2.其它核材料及核电厂用材料慢化剂moderator轻水lightwater重水heavywater石墨graphite冷却剂coolant氦helium液态金属liquidmetal钠sodium包壳cladding铝aluminium镁magnesium锆zirconium锆2/4合金zircaloy-2/4不锈钢stainlesssteel控制材料controlmaterial通量展平flux-shaping银silver铟indium镉cadmium可燃毒物burnablepoison硼boron硼酸boricacid锂lithium铍beryllium2乏燃料spentfuel因科镍，因康INCONEL不锈钢stainlesssteel1.3.核反应及相关术语decay衰变fission裂变fusion聚变nuclearreaction核反应chainreaction链式反应crosssection截面microscopiccrosssection微观截面macroscopiccrosssection宏观截面absorbingcrosssection吸收截面scatteringcrosssection散射截面barn靶恩delayedneutron缓发中子promptneutron瞬发中子promptcriticality瞬发临界fissile易裂变的fissionab可裂变的lemorderate/slowdown慢化breedingratio增殖比burnup燃耗reactivity反应性neutroncycle中子循环fissionproduct裂变产物criticality临界promptcritical瞬发临界flux通量xenon氙iodine碘actinide锕系（元素）reactivityworth反应性价值慢化剂温度系数moderatortemperaturecoefficient反应性系数reactivitycoefficient剩余反应性excessreactivity燃料比功率fuelspecificpower倍增因子multiplicationfactor有效增殖系数effectivemultiplicationfactor；effectivemultiplicationconstant无限介质增殖系数infinitemultiplicationfactor；infinitemultiplicationconstant快中子增殖系数fastfissionfactor热中子利用系数thermalutilizationfactor不泄漏几率nonleakageprobability逃脱共振俘获几率resonanceescapeprobability四因子公式four-factorformula多普勒增宽Dopplerbroadening*总集成中子通量/总积分中子通量TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFluxorFluence(注量)=NeutrondensityVelocityTime[单位：n/m3m/ss=n/m2]1.4.反应堆压水堆PressurizedWaterReactor(PWR)沸水堆BoilingWaterReactor(BWR)加拿大重水铀反应堆（坎杜堆）CANadianDeuteriumandUraniumreactor(CANDU)/pressurizedheavywaterreactor(PHWR)英国气冷堆（美诺克斯堆）Britishgas-cooledMagnoxreactor3高温气冷堆hightemperaturegas-cooledreactor(HTGR)快中子增殖反应堆fastbreederreactor(FBR)轻水堆LightWaterReactor(LWR)先进反应堆advancedreactor超临界水反应堆supercriticalwaterreactor欧洲压水堆（第三代反应堆之一）EuropeanPressurizedwaterReactor(EPR)（美国）先进压水堆600/1000（第三代(+)反应堆之一）AP(WR)600/10001.5.核电厂部件、设备与系统燃料芯块fuelpellet燃料元件fuelelement燃料棒fuelrod燃料组件fuelassembly定位格架spacergrid法兰flange密封环sealring阻力塞plug(上/下)腔室(upper/lower)plenum堆芯，活性区core反应堆压力容器ReactorPressureVessel(RPV)上封头upperclosurehead液压螺栓拉伸机(张紧机)hydraulicstudtensioner包覆层clad(碳钢表面的防腐蚀堆焊层)控制棒controlrod控制棒组件ControlElementAssembly(CEA)可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod控制棒驱动机构ControlElementDriveMechanism(CEDM)变送器transmitter信号调理signalregulation吊篮barrel进/出口接管inlet/outletnozzle冷/热端，冷/热腿，冷/热管段cold/hotleg反应堆堆内构件reactorvesselinternals肿胀swelling腐蚀corrode,corrosion侵蚀erode,erosion氧化oxidation,oxidize完整性integrity反应堆冷却剂泵（主泵）ReactorCoolantPump(RCP)屏蔽泵canned(motor)pump轴封泵shaftsealpump反应堆冷却剂系统（一回路系统）ReactorCoolantSystem(RCS)核蒸汽供应系统NuclearSteamSupplySystem(NSSS)一回路primaryloop/circuit一回路系统/主回路系统primarysystem二回路secondaryloop稳压器pressurizer(PRZ)波动管surgeline汽水分离器moistureseparator干燥器（二/三级汽水分离器）steamdryer安全阀safetyvalve卸压阀reliefvalve溢流阀overflowvalve主蒸汽隔离阀mainsteamisolationvalve单向阀checkvalve止回阀non-returnvalve主蒸汽联箱mainsteamheader给水调节阀feedregulatingvalve蒸汽发生器SteamGenerator(SG)主蒸汽管MainSteamLine(MSL)4汽轮机steamturbine汽水分离再热器MoistureSeparatorReheater(MSR)给水泵feed(water)pump上充泵chargingpump凝汽器condenser发电机(electric)generator安全壳containment地基，基础foundation烟道stack贯穿件penetration核岛nuclearisland常规岛conventionalisland核电厂配套子项BalanceofPlant(BOP)一回路辅助系统auxiliarysystemforprimaryloop化学与容积控制系统（化容系统）ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem(CVCS)专设安全设施EngineeredSafetyFeature(ESF)余热排出系统ResidualHeat-RemovalSystem(RHRS)应急堆芯冷却系统EmergencyCoreCoolingSystem(ECCS),安注系统SafetyInjection(SI)System直接注射系统directvesselinjection(DVI)换料水箱RefuelingWaterStorageTank(IRWST)(乏)燃料贮存水池(spent)fuelstoragepool燃料装卸系统fuelhandlingsystem蓄压箱accumulator机组unit辅助喷淋auxiliaryspray柴油发电机Dieselgenerator自动保护系统AutomaticProtectiveSystem(APS)自动降压系统automaticdepressurizationsystem(ADS)仪控系统InstrumentationandControlSystem(I&Csystem)开关设备，开关柜switchgear蒸汽轴封系统，压盖蒸汽密封系统glandsteamsystem汽轮机旁路管turbinebypassline辅助给水泵auxiliaryfeedwaterpump汽动给水泵turbinedrivenfeedwaterpump导管conduit冷凝水泵condensatepump冷凝水增压泵condensateboosterpump水润滑轴承waterlubricatedbearing人孔manway检修孔accessoryport1.6.反应堆运行运行operation运行工况operatingcondition操纵员operator维护maintenance监督、监视surveillance监督试样surveillancespecimen辐照监督管irradiationsurveillancecapsule辐照监督试样盒surveillancespecimencompartment硼浓度boronconcentration稀释dilution/dilute硼注入boroninjection停堆shutdown紧急停堆scram/trip停役outage换料停堆refuelingoutage/refuelingshutdown换料refuel5卸料discharge倒料shuffling满功率运行fullpoweroperation负荷跟踪loadfollowing甩负荷loadshedding,loadrejection(控制棒等的)插入insertion(控制棒等的)抽出withdrawal反应堆调节系统ReactorRegulatingSystem(RRS)(蒸汽发生器)排污、下泄blowdown规程procedure技术规格technicalspecification瞬态，瞬变transient安装调试installationandcommi