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ChapterNineAestheticRhetoricEnglishRhetoricPage2ContentsofThisChapterⅠ.PhoneticfiguresofspeechⅡ.LexicalfiguresofspeechⅢ.SyntacticfiguresofspeechPage31.头韵(alliteration)CvcWhenthethingshappenthatyoudonotlike,youhavetwochoices:Yougetbitterorbetter.HowandwhyhehadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.2.谐音(euphony)/cacophony杂音3.半谐音(assonance)Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneinearth,asitisinheaven.(愿你的国降临，愿你的旨意行在地上，如同行在天上。）4.拟声(onomatopoeia)Iheartheclockticktacking,andtimegoesby.ⅠPhoneticFiguresofSpeechPage41.明喻(simile)主体：primaryterm/tenor喻体：secondaryterm/vehicle2.隐喻(metaphor)Thesunshineoflifeismadeupofverylittlebeams.3.移就(hypallage)(transferredepithet)Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageof80.4.拟植物(plantification)Thechildtrembledlikealeaf.Themoonhungaboveuslikeagoldenmango.ⅡLexicalFiguresofSpeechPage55.典故(allusion):诗文中引用的古代故事和有来历出处的词语。UnawareoftheswordofDamocleshangingoverher,shepursuedherownway…(她没有觉察到达摩克利斯剑悬在头上的危险，依然漫不经心无忧无虑地自行其道。）IfeartheGreeks,evenwhenbringinggifts.6.拟人(personification)Englandexpectseverymantodohisduty.7.类比(analogy)Page68.讽喻(allegory):也叫寓意，是一种比隐喻更为委婉的比喻，其基本形式是以具体形象说明抽象概念，通过具体形象或浅近事实，给人以启发，引导人们去认清楚事物的本质或深邃的哲理。9.夸张(hyperbole)10.委婉语(euphemism)富态Thestudentcandobetterworkwithhelp.(Thestudentisstupid.)Hedependsonotherstodohiswork.(Heplagiarizesinclass.)Hehasatendencytostretchthetruth.(Heoftentellsalie.)CharlesShively,94,passedawayathomeandwenttobewiththeLordonApril22,2004,fromnaturalcauses.11.迂回(periphrasis)12.曲言(litotes)Warisnothealthyforchildrenandotherlivingthings.Page713.矛盾修饰法(oxymoron)Nolight,butratherdarknessvisible.14.反语(irony)Thisdiligentstudentseldomreadsmorethananhourpermonth.15.双关(pun)Wemustallhangtogether,orweshallhangseparately.Tryyoursweetcorn.You’llsmilefromeartoear.Aprofessortappedonhisdeskandshouted:“Gentlemen–order!”Theentireclassyelled:“Beer!”Page816.换称(antonomasia)(来源：宗教，古代及当代的历史和文学，借代中的专有名词则无须具有类似的起源）Solomon--awiseman;Judas–atraitor;UncleTom17.通感(synaesthesia)AndlikemusiconthewatersIsthysweetvoicetome.(你甜美的声音在我耳中像音乐在水面飘逸）18.低调陈述(understatement)19.仿拟(parody)Ihadnooutlook,butanuplookrather.Myplaceinsocietywasatthebottom.walkintolovePage920.提喻(synecdoche)Theywereshortofhands.Thesoldierisavaliantheart.21.一笔双叙(syllepsis)Helosthistemperandhishat.Yesterdayhehadablueheartandcoat.Hepickeduphishatandhiscourage.ThebusinessmanleftinhighspiritandaCadilac.22.轭式搭配(zeugma)Heateabunandaglassofmilk.AtnoonMrs.Turpinwouldgetoutofbedandhumor,putonkimono,airsandthewatertoboilforcoffee.Withweepingeyesandgrievinghearts--WithweepingeyesandheartsPage1023.层进(climax)Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.（JuliusCaesar)Theaudiencesmiled,chuckled,andfinallyhowled.Hewasquestioned,torturedandfinallyshotbytheenemy.24.突降(anticlimax)(语义由高雅严肃转向通俗与滑稽）WhatshallIdo?Ihavelostmybeauandlipsticktoo.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.25.借代(metonymy)Let’sdrinkacuportwo.Thekettleisboiling.Thegrayhairshouldberespected.(?)Page111.松散句(loosesentence)2.圆周句(periodicsentence)3.对偶句(antithesis)Extremisminthedefenseoflibertyisnovice;moderationinthepursuitofjusticeisnovirtue.4.排比句(parallelism)ⅢSyntacticFiguresofSpeechPage125.反复(rhetoricalrepetition)Happy,happypairNonebutthebrave,Nonebutthebrave,Nonebutthebravedeservesthefair.(连续反复）Likedrawslike.（首尾反复）Weeattolive,notlivetoeat.（逆转反复）Forglancesbegetogles,oglessighs,sighswishes,wisheswords,andwordsaletter.6.省略(ellipsis)Helookedoutthewindow.7.急止(aposiopesis)ThefirstthingIsaw--ButIdarenotdescribethedreadfulsight.Page138.倒装(inversion)Thehelmsmansteered,theshipmovedon,yetneverabreezeupblew.Heishappy.--Happyishe.Littledoesheknowhowmuchsufferinghehascaused.Equallystrangewashisbehaviortohisson.9.反问句(rhetoricalquestion)10.非纯粹间接引语(freeindirectspeech)