高中英语语法之四种名词性从句

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1四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习◆学习宾语从句学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫,连词、语序、时态基本相同,只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多,主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。宾语从句三注意三特殊一注意:注意引导词(连词)由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为that,that在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词,即what,when,where等。Eg:Tomsays(that)hewillflytoBeijingtomorrow.汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京二注意:注意从句语序.宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时,一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。Canyoutellmewhatheisdoing能告诉我他正在做什么吗?特别提醒当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时,语序不变。Eg:Doyouknowwhatmakeshimsoangry?你知道什么事使他如此生气吗?特别提醒如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实,其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。Eg:Ourteachertoldusthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if,that不可省;)(一)、主语从句是一个句子,在句子中作主语成分。(二),主语从句的特点1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词,只是if不能用;1)、陈述句用that。2)、一般疑问句用whether。3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导。2.以it为形式主语出现Eg:1.It'struethattheearthisround.Thattheearthisroundistrue.2.表是否的意思时,不能用if代替whether.Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhetherhe'llcomeornot.Whetherhe'llcomeornothasn'tbeendecided.3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。Whydidn'thecome?Whyhedidn'tcomeisnotknown.(三)特殊疑问词变化Whoever=nomatterwho=anyonewhoWhomever=nomatterwho=anyonewho2Whoseever=nomatterwhose=anyonewhoseWhichever=nomatterwhich=anyonewhichWhatever=nomatterwhat=anythingthatWhat=先行词+which/that◆同位语从句(一)、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质1、在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句;所用连词与宾语从句(除不能用if)和主语从句相同2、连词1)、陈述句用that。2)、一般疑问句用whether.3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what,which,who,when,where,why,ho等词引导。3、常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。例:Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析:theyhadwonthegan说明Thenews的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。.(二)、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用)例:ThegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldCrosstheriveratonce将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析:thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriverato显theorder的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如一般疑问句whether做同位语从句的连词,译成是否(if不能引导同位语从句)。例:We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析:thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontim般疑问句做同位语从句,原句为:Willthesportsmeetingbeheldontime?3.如同位语是特殊疑问句做同位语从句,连词就应用when,where,how等疑问词引导例1:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.析:whenhewillbeback原句为Whenwillhebeback?例2:Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.析:Howdidhegohome是原句,连词就How.4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。如:Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。(三)、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均3不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成-一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。如:Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.他将辞职的传闻是假的。因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺,所以thathewasgoingtoresig显同位语从句。表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。2、引导表语从句的词有从属连词(所用连词与宾语从句(除不能用if).和主语从句相同、同位语从句相同),不同之处还可用because,Asif;asthough引导。1)、陈述句用that。2)、一般疑问句用whether。3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what,which,who,when,where,why,howThat引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略4、陈述句做表语从句连词that,that在引导表语从句时无词义。.一.般疑问句用whether引导,whether有词义,意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。5、由疑问词引导的表语从句。who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,疑问代词不能省略。6、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。(1)Idon'tknow_________ornotA.whetherheisathomeB.ifheIsathomeCthatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependsont_________heweatheris.fineA.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent_________classhewasinA.whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4)Idon'tknow_________MrGreenwillcometoseeus.He'llhelpuswithourEnglishA.why4B.whenC.howD.where(5)Becareful!Don'tbreakthebottlesDoyouhear_________Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if类型二:宾语从句的语序一陈述句语序(1)Didyoufindout________?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor(2)Areyouinterestedin________?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidIthowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit(3)Idon'tknow________Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif________intospacebyspaceshiponedayA.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly(5)Excuseme,sir.CouldyoutellmeA.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere类型三:时态(1)It's7:30.Ican'tbelieveyou___cookingdinner,yetSally.A.haven'tstartedB.didn'tC.don'tstartDhadn'tstarted(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25________ChristmasDay5A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe.(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth________roundthe.sunA.goes.B.goC.wentD.willgo(4)We'dliketotellyouthatyou________theexamA.havepassedB.hadpassedC.pass.D.willpass,(5)“Couldyoutellme________?“YesThey________tothelibraryA.wherearethetwinshavebeenB.wherewerethetwinshavebeenC.wherethetwinsarehavegoneD,wherethetwinswerehavegone类型一:ABABA类型二DCDBC类型三AAAAC

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