德国空间规划框架

TechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsChallenges,LegalframeworkandProcedureofspatialplanninginGermanyTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsDipl.-Ing.SebastianBüchsTechnischeUniversitätMünchenChairofLandManagementResearchAssociate•Demographicchange•UrbanRedevelopment•InnerUrbanDevelopment=reductionofland-consumption•CooperationbetweenmetropolitanandruralareasIntegratedConceptsonlocalandregionalscaleGoodRegionalGovernanceandCooperationratherthanprovincialpolicyTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsBerlinandBudapestaspartofametropolitannetworkinEurope…the“BlueBanana”andit’sextensionsBudapestBerlinLondonParisMoskauTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechs•Landuse–It‘sagreencountry–Landusein2004:•86%openspace•13%urbanfabricandrelatedopenspace•Settlementstructure–Agglomerations–Lowdensityruralareas–Intermediatecitiesandregions–largeconur-bations•Relativelybalanced,decentralisedconcentrationofpopulation,workplacesandinfrastructureGermany:physicalstructureSettlementareasSource:BBRBonn,2000Source:CaiyumeiChinalanduseplanningandsurveyinginstituteTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsGermany:Administrativesystem-Over13.000Municipalities-AccordingtotheBasicLaw,municipalitieshavetherightoflocalselv-governement.planningauthorityofthemunicipalitiesMunicipalitiesSource:BBRBonn2009TechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsGermany:AdministrativesystemCompetencesofspatialplanningauthoritiesdifferaccordingtotheirpositionwithintheGermanadministrativesystemFederalstructure:-Nationallevel-States-Localauthorities-Federalismprinciple:Distributingstateauthority=VerticalseperationofpowerthatneedstobecoordinatedSource:TechnischeUniversitätBerlin,InstituteofUrbanandRegionalPlanningTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsFederalRepublicofGermany16FederalStates115Regions13.422MunicipalitiesGermanplanningsystemstructureTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechs•InlinewiththefederativestructureoftheGermanstatethesystemofspatialplanningishighlydecentralised!•SpatialplanninginGermanyisafunctiontocoordinateandregulateallspatiallyrelevantinterests,functions,programmesandprojects.ResultsTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsSpatialPlanningRegulationPrivateprojectsIntegratedstrategiesSectorplansPublicbenefitPrivateinterestChallengesforspatialplanningTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsSpatialplanningprinciplesPrincipleofcountervailinginfluencesDecentralisedConcentrationTwo-wayapproachondecisionmakingSource:Büchs2010TechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsDecentralisedConcentrationBalancedspatialandsettlementstructuresthroughoutthecountryEquivalentlivingconditionsPreventionofstrongspatialdisparitiesandoverburdeningingrowthregionsImprovementofthedevelopmentinregionsdistantfromurbanagglomerations(strengtheningendogenousregionalpotential)=Toachievedecentralicedconcentration,theguidingprincipalpolicyinstrumentappliedbyspatialplannersisthecentralplacesconceptConceptualpricnipleTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsCentralplacesconceptCentralplacesystemThecentral-placesystemaimstoprovidethepopulationwitharea-wideinfrastructuralamenities.Stateandregionalplanningassignlocalauthoritiestocategoriesinthecentral-placesystem.Theservicefunctionincludespublicandprivateservicesandtheemploymentsituation,andisperformedbyso-calledcentralplacesatdifferentlevels.basiccentres,low-orderorsmallcentressupplythebasicdailyneedsofthepopulationintheimmediatearea,middle-ordercentresarecentralplacesthatmeetmoredemandingneedsofthepopulationintheintermediatearea;high-ordercentresarecentralplacesthatmeetdemanding,specialisedneedsofthepopulationintheextendedcatchmentarea.Inordertodistinguishthesupplyfunctionsofthedifferentcategoriesofcentralplace,spatialandstatespatialplanninghavedevelopedcataloguesoffacilitiesandamenities.Theyprovidetheframeworkforpublicplanningandguidanceforpublicandprivateinvestment.TechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechs•Thedevelopment,organizationandprotectionoftheindividualregionsshallmatchtheconditionsandrequirementsoftheterritoryasawhole;•Thedevelopment,organizationandprotectionoftheterritoryasawholeshallallowfortheconditionsandrequirementsofitsindividualregionsPrincipleofcountervailinginfluencesTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsintegratingfunctionofspatialplanning:-concerningdifferentsectoralaspects-concerningdifferentspatiallevelsPrincipleofcountervailinginfluencesTechnischeUniversitätMünchenDipl.-Ing.SebastianBuechsTwowayapproachtop-downplanningnormativeplanningstrategicplanningoperationalpl