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工作中的年龄歧视英语专四阅读模拟试题：工作中的年龄歧视Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcaseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虚构的)entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.Fromtheemployer'sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecause'theystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanacea(万灵药).Therecentproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.1.AlotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotfoundbecauseA.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently.B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon'tsueexceptthewhites.C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem.D.manydiscriminatedpeopledon'tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits.2.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthatA.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts.B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninhiringprocess.C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants.D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob.3.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits,.4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatA.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast.B,allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepast.C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan'tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination.D.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective.5.Theauthoris__whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.A.pessimisticB.partialC.objectiveD.doubtful【文章概要】本文讲述了工作中的年龄歧视问题，及就此状况提出了禁止职场中的年龄歧视的法案。第l段引出话题指出国会民主党人提出立法，旨在使岁数较大的职员在年龄歧视诉讼案中更容易获胜；第2—3段用数据说明，相当多年龄歧视案件没有人提起诉讼，雇佣方的歧视案件也往往不被发现，并分析其中的原因第4—6段以一个实验为例证指出年龄歧视的现象也存在于低级别的职位上，同时分析了高失业率期间年龄歧视案件增加的原因及雇主雇用工人时考虑的因素；第7段指出禁止年龄歧视的立法产生的效果并不明显，分析年龄较大的工人难以找到工作的可能原因：最后一段讲到用立法来解决年龄歧视的问题并不是万能的，最近的提案也可能有其利弊。【答案解析】1．[D]因果推断题。第2段最后一句讲到许多年龄歧视案件没有被发现，第3段分析了其原因。第3段末句指出“因为诉讼费远远超过潜在的利益”，故选D。A在文章首段便提及，但不与题干构成因果关系；第3段指出中层管理者也有可能提起诉讼，故B也错；C项文中没有提到。2．[B]细节判断题。根据Boston定位到第4段。该段首句指出年龄歧视起码在低级别的职位存在，通过接下来的实验调查可知，年龄歧视在招聘过程中很普遍，故选8。该实验没有对男应聘者和女应聘者进行对比，故A没有原文依据；文中指出“我’’只是发出上千份虚假的应聘简历，故C错误；最后一句指出低于50岁的申请人，收到面试电话的几率比年龄较大的申请人高40％，故D与原文表述不符。3．[C]细节推断题。根据highunemployment定位到第5段最后两句。根据最后两旬可知，高失业时期，诉讼机会成本低于好景时的机会成本，因此可推断高失业期诉讼机会成本较低可导致诉讼案件增加，C正确。A、B都没有提到关键词cost，D与原文的意思相反，故都排除。4．[A]细节判断题。由最后一段第l句可知A正确。第l句指出过去的招聘广告会详述年龄要求，但并不能说明所有的雇主都会通过广告招聘工人，故8错误；文中并没有提到年龄歧视法案是否将年老的工人解救出来，故C没有原文根据；D与该段最后两句表述有出入。5．[C]观点态度题。第l段讲到年龄歧视情况很多不被发现，接下来分析原因，讲到立法效果不明显等这些都是事实及现状，作者没有带自己的主观色彩，故对年龄歧视问题的分析是客观的，C正确。英语专业四级考试历年真题教育城外语网：双语新闻,VOA,雅思，托福，CET3，CET4，CET6，BEC，GRE，PETS，职称英语，金融英语，口译笔译，专业英语八级，专业英语四级，实用英语