台阶式泄槽溢洪道设计方法综述

:2004-06-10:陈丽红,女,云南农业大学水利水电与建筑学院,讲师:1001-4179(2005)01-0018-03陈丽红熊耀湘尹亚敏(云南农业大学水利水电与建筑学院,云南昆明650201):台阶式溢洪道因其显著的消能掺气效果而倍受工程界的关注在许多试验研究的基础上,提出了台阶式泄槽溢洪道泄槽及降低护坦式消力池的水力计算方法台阶式溢洪道泄槽的设计主要包括泄槽倾斜角度台阶高度和长度确定泄槽边墙高度确定台阶上的压强计算及防空蚀破坏措施的确定3部分尽管台阶式溢洪道受到世界各国水利界人士的强烈关注,并进行了大量的试验研究,但目前对于台阶式溢洪道的系统计算方法研究尚未看到报道,因此,对台阶式溢洪道系统计算方法的研究具有重要的现实意义:台阶式泄槽溢洪道;溢洪道设计;滑行水流;跌落水流:TV651.1:A1概述,,,;,[1],,,[2]2500a,1002060,,70,,80,1(RCC),20,,,12090,199457m6010m3/s,90cm,10.65,1994,5100a,90m3/(sm),,(111m)(qmax=193m3/(sm))(10.7,1m),,,,2台阶式溢洪道的水流流态hc/t1/()/m/m3(sm)-1/m()726111.60.61()8.75600.405()149.420()53.1366.60.6()11.30.124()3013416.1417.8()15211.91150~58(hc,t),3,1,,,,,,2(a);,,,,,,,,,,2(b);,,,,2(c),,,[3],,30,:hc/t0.8;Chanson第36卷第1期人民长江Vol.36,No.12005年1月YangtzeRiverJan.,2005:11~52,:(hc/t)=1.057-0.465t/L(L)[2,4],hc/t(hc/t),;Yasuda1[3]:(1)():hct=10.57(tg)3+1.3(0.1tg1.43)(2)():hct=0.8621(tg)-0.165(0.1tg1.43)123台阶式溢洪道泄槽的设计,q10~20m3/(sm),,,,,33.1:,,;,,,,10.35,10.5,[5];,[1],0.6~1.2m,3.2,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,:h0=qcos4t2g(1)C=h0t2sin1cos(2)V=C2tgsincos2st(3)C;h0;q;(2);t;s;g,3.3,,:,,(0.3~0.5),,(0.7~0.9),,,0.5,(0.5~1.0),,;,,[3](0.5~1.0),,4台阶式溢洪道消能池的设计,19第1期陈丽红等:台阶式泄槽溢洪道设计方法综述,,,,,,,,,,4.14.1.1滑行水流的消能Rajaratnam,V0h0,,:T=h0sin(4)T=CfV20/2(5);;V0;h0:Cf=2h0gsin/q3q,:E1E=(1-A)+F2r(A2-1)/A21+F2r/2(6)A(0.18/Cf)1/3,Chanson:HHmax=1-(f/8sin)1/3cos+0.5(f/8sin)-2/32/3+Hdam/hc()(7)HHmax=1-(f/8sin)1/3cos+0.5(f/8sin)-2/3(Hdam+H0)/hc()(8)Hmax,m;H,m;Hdam,m;hc,m;H0,m;f,f=8gsinh20q2D4(;h0,m;D,m)4.1.2跌落水流的消能ChamaniRajaratnamN,Nt,a1,1a(t+1.5hc),(1-a)(t+1.5hc),:E=(1-)N(t+1.5hc)+tN-1i=1(1-)i(9):=a-blog(hc/t);a=0.30-0.35(t/L);b=0.54+0.27(t/L);hc;t;L:,90%,30:,,86.05%,56.6%,20.16%6.03%4.2,4.2.1跃前断面水深计算3,0-01-1:Z0+p0+v202g=Z1+p1+v212g+hH1=h1+v212g=Hmax-H1,v1=qh1hc=3qg(7)(8)h1v134.2.2底流式水跃形式的分析计算,h2h2=h12(1+8q2gh31-1)h2ht,h2ht,,;,4.3,,3:4.3.1池深的水力计算d:h2-d+q22g(h2)2=ht+q22g(0.95ht)2,1.05~1.1(h2-ht)4.3.2池长的计算(4~5)h2:[1]张志昌,曾东洋,郑阿漫等.台阶式溢洪道滑行水流压强特性的试验研究.水动力学研究与进展,2003,(5).[2]郑阿漫,张志昌,谭立新.台阶式溢洪道的研究与发展.陕西水利发电,2000,(4).[3]田嘉宁,大津岩夫,李建中等.台阶式溢洪道各流况的消能特性.水利学报,2003,(4).[4]Chanson.Hydraulicofskimmingflowsoversteppedchannelsandspil-lways.JournalofHydraulicResearch,1994,(3).[5]才君眉,薜慧涛,冯金鸣.碾压混凝土坝采用台阶式溢洪道消能初探.水利水电技术,1994,(4).(编辑:徐诗银)20人民长江2005年ResiduallifeestimationandreliabilityanalysisofhydraulicsteelgatememberRENYu-shanWANGLian-xin(1.ChangchunEngineeringCollege,Changchun130012,China;2.DesignInstitute,ChangjiangWaterResourcesCommission,Wuhan430010,China)Abstract:Themany-years-operatedhydraulicsteelgatesareallrustedinsomedegree,theseriousrusterosioncanreducethestrengthofhydraulicsteelgatememberandinfluencethesafetyoperationofthegate.Howtoreasonablyappraisetheexistinghydraulicsteelgateandestimatetheresiduallifeandreliabilityisanissueworthytobediscussed.Mainlyadoptingmathematical-statisticalmethodandincombinationwithengineeringpractice,thispaperdiscussestheresiduallifeestimationmethodofhydraulicsteelgatestructureunderdifferentrustyconditionsandanalysesthereliabilityofresiduallifeofexistinghydraulicsteelgate(includingextendedserviceones).Keywords:hydraulicsteelgate;rusterosion;residuallife;reliabilityanalysisArearainfallvariationtendencyintheYangtzeriverbasinanditsinfluenceonrunoffofthemainstreamCHENZheng-hongYANGhong-qingRENGuo-yuSHENHu-ying(1.WuhanStormResearchInstitute,ChinaMeteorologicalBureau,Wuhan430074;2.NationalClimateCenter,Beijing100081,China;3.Hy-drologyBureau,ChangjiangWaterResourcesCommission,Wuhan430010)Abstract:Accordingtotherainfalldataof109meteorologicalstationsin42yearsfrom1960to2001anddischargeda-taofYichangandDatonghydrologicalstations(respectivelyasupstreamandbasin-widecontrolstations)incorrespondingpe-riods,theaverageannual,seasonalandmonthlyarearainfallswerecomputedandthedischargevariationtendency,discharge-rainfallcorrelativenessandinfluenceofrainfallondischargewereanalyzed,itwasdiscoveredthat:thebasin-widearearainfallsinwinterandsummersignificantlyincreasebutdecreasesignificantlyinautumnandincreaseslightlyfortheannualbasin-widerainfall,mainlyoccurringinJanuary,JuneandSeptember;theupstreamarearainfallsinautumnsignificantlyde-creaseandincreaseslightlyinsummerandwinterandnochangeforannualupstreamarearainfall,mainlyoccurringinJanuaryandSeptember;theaveragewinter,summerandannualdischargesatDatongstationincreasesignificantlyandnochangeforaverageautumndischarges,mainlyoccurringinJanuary-to-March,July,August;theaverageautumndischargeatYichangstationincreasesignificantlyandaveragewinterandsummerdischargesincreaseslightlyandnochangeforaverageannualdis-charge,mainlyoccurringinJanuary,FebruaryandOctober;thebasin-wideandupstreamarearainfallshavepositiverela-tionwithcorrespondingdischarges,especiallyforaverageannual,spring,summer,mainlyoccurringinJanuary-to-Augustforbasin-wideareaandinMarch-to-Novemberforupstreamarea;thecorrelativenessofmonthlyarearainfallandnextmonthlyrunoffofbasin-wideinallmonthsofayearandupstreamareaintheperiodsofJanuary-to-MarchandOctober,Decemberarestrongerthantherainfall-dischargecorrelativenessofcorrespondingperiods,whichmeansthatinfluenceofrain-fallonrunoffposses