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TheObjectClause宾语从句复习宾语从句1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句2、宾语从句中的语序3、宾语从句中时态的变化4、了解宾语从句的特例TeachingAims教学目标如何区分宾语从句？Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisaman.主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句:主句+that+陈述句（注意：that无词汇意义，不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略）1.Aprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.(Ibelieve…)Ibelieve(that)Aprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.2.Itwasalittlecrowded.(Iguess…)Iguess(that)itwasalittlecrowded.3.MissLiuwillgotothebeachtomorrow.(Ihear…)Ihear(that)MissLiuwillgotothebeachtomorrow.4.Thefoodwasdelicious.(Hesays…)Hesays（that)thefoodwasdelicious.宾语从句:1.主句+that+陈述句（注意：that无词汇意义，不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略）if/whether+一般疑问句（注意：if/whether译为：是否，不充当成分，不可省略，if/whether可互换。疑问句变陈述语序）2.宾从语序：陈述语序=主语+谓语+其它把下列各句变为宾语从句1.IsJimathome?(Iwonder…)Iwonderwhether/ifJimisathome.2.IsJuneagoodtimetovisitHongKong?(Hewonders…)Hewonderswhether/ifJuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.把下列各句变为宾语从句3.Doeshelikesports?(Doyouknow…)Doyouknowif/whetherhelikessports?4.Willtheyplaybasketballafterschool?(Heasks…)Heasksif/whethertheywillplaybasketballafterschool.宾语从句:1.主句+that+陈述句（注意：that无词汇意义，不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略）if/whether+一般疑问句特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句（注意：特殊疑问词译为原词义，可充当成分，不可省略。疑问句变陈述语序）（注意：if/whether译为：是否，不充当成分，不可省略，if/whether可互换。疑问句变陈述语序）2.宾从语序：陈述语序=主语+谓语+其它由what,,who,which,when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句1.Heasked_____couldanswerthequestion.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Pleasetellme_____we’llhaveameeting.（我们什么时候开会）3.Canyoutellme_____heis.（他在哪儿）4.Couldyoutellme_____Icangettothestatio（我该怎么去车站）5.Wouldyoutellme_____thetrainislate.（为什么火车迟到了）whowhenwherehowwhy1、当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。3、当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.商务合同参考英译应注意的问题英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。实际上,这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如:从此以后、今后:hereafter;此后、以后:thereafter;在其上:thereonthereupon;在其下:thereunder;对于这个:hereto;对于那个:whereto;在上文:hereinabovehereiefo1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundthesun.3.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)4.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)5.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)6.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)7.Ihearthey(return)italready.8.Mr.Kingdidn’tknowwhenhisson_______homeyesterdayevening.(come)wrotemovesrisesdidweredoingwillbehavereturnedcame只能用whether不用if的三种情况一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：①HeaskedmewhetherIwascomingornot.②Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.③Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.与ornot连用：在介词之后：在不定式之前：1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.if/whetherwhether3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.I’mworriedabout______itwillraintomorrow.whetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.whetherTips:注意事项1.否定转移当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。Ithinkit’sagoodidea.I______thinkit______agoodidea.don’tis把下列宾语从句变为否定句。1.Ithinkthattheyarefuntowatch.Idon’tthinkthattheyarefuntowatch.2.IbelieveAprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.Idon’tbelieveAprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.2.宾语从句的简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”Hedoesn’tknowhowhecangetonwellwithhisclassmates.=Hedoesn’tknow__________getonwellwithhisclassmates.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknow______________.howtowhattodo3、宾语从句和状语从句的区分eg.1）Idon’tknowifhewillcomeback.2）I’llcallyouifhecomesback.在宾语从句中，将来时仍用将来时态；在状语从句中，用一般现在时来表示一般将来时。“是否”宾语从句“如果”状语从句1）Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.2）I’llcallyouwhenhecomesback.“什么时候”“当…的时候”We'renotsureifit____tomorrow.Ifit____，wewon'tclimbtheSouthHill.A.willrain；willrainB.willrain；rainsC.rains；rainsD.rains；willrain1.Couldyoutellme___totheScienceMuseum?A.whichbusIshouldtakeB.IshouldtakewhichbusC.howcanIgetD.whichbusshallItakeA中考链接2.Nobodyknows___helookssoworried.A.whatB.howC.whyD./C中考链接3.Shedidn’tknow____backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.whyhewillbeD.hewillA4.Thechildrenasked____.A.wheretheywillgoB.whattheywoulddonextC.whencouldtheygoD.howdidtheygetthereB5.Pleasegoandfindout___.A.thatthebuswillarriveB.whywillthebusarriveC.whenthebuswillarriveD.whenwillthebusarriveC6.I’mnotsure____.A.thathewouldagreewithmeB.whetherwouldheagreetomeC.ifhewillagreewithmeD.whywillheagreetomeCSummary1、连接词2、语序3、时态4、否定转移5、宾语从句的简化6、宾语从句和状语从句的区分thatif/whetherwhat/how/why…..陈述句语序：连接词+主语+谓语主从句时态呼应（注意客观真理）Ithink----Idon’tthink疑问词+不定式在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时只能用whether的情况1.whetherornot2.介词+whether3.whethertodo