chapter-6-idioms-proverbs--and-allusions

IdiomsIdiomsarephraseswhichpeopleuseineverydaylanguagewhichdonotmakesenseliterallybutweunderstandwhattheymean“Aterriblebeautyisborn”APROVERBisasayingthatgivesadviceorteachesalesson.“Likefather,likeson.”“Theearlybirdgetstheworm”Anidiomisanexpressionthathasameaningapartfromthemeaningsofitsindividualwords.Forexample:It’srainingcatsanddogs.Itsliteralmeaningsuggeststhatcatsanddogsarefallingfromthesky.Weinterpretittomeanthatitisraininghard.OtherExamples:Tokickthebucketmeans“todie”.Tobreaktheiceistobethefirstonetosayordosomething,withtheexpectationthatotherswillthenfollow.Anotheridiomthatmeanssomethingsimilarisgettheballrolling.Itisusuallydifficulttomakepeoplefeelrelaxedandcomfortable,especiallyatapartywhereallguestsdonotknoweachother,thenifnobodycomesouttobreaktheice,thestalemateatmospherewillkeepeveryonefeelingawkward.Anotherexample:Shehasabeeinherbonnet,meaningsheisobsessed,cannotbeliterallytranslatedintoanotherlanguagewordforword.译:她心情不好.FoodforthoughtTheseidiomsareallaboutfood.Canyouexplainwhattheyreallymean?SellinglikehotcakesPlayinggooseberryGoingbananas1.Ournewbooksaresellinglikehotcakes.2.Oh,youtwogobyyourselves!Youdon'twantmecomingalongplayinggooseberry.3.I'mgoingbananasoverthenoiseintheapartmentnextdoor.FeellikeafishoutofwaterBelikeafishoutofwaterMeaning:Feeluncomfortablebecauseyouareinanunfamiliarsituation.Ifyoufeellikeafishoutofwater,youfeelawkwardoruncomfortablebecauseyouareinanunusualorunfamiliarsituation.Example:Idon'tlikegoingtothebigpartiestheyhave.Ialwaysfeellikeafishoutofwaterthere.ToddisacountryboyraisedinasmalltowninNorthernIrelandandwaslikeafishoutofwaterwhenhevisitedbustlingLondon.Whatdoesthismeanreally?ex.We'dbettershakealeg,otherwise,we'llmissthetrain.赶紧,赶快Andthis?e.g.ShewantedtogoDutchwithmeattherestaurantlastnight.Otheridioms:1.Dutchbargain2.Dutchcomfort3.Dutchcourage4.Dutchunclelet'sgofifty,let’ssplitthebill,gohalvesLoveislove,businessisbusinessAmericanclothTakeFrenchleaveEnglishDiseaseChineseroseAnimalCrackers1.It’sraining_anddogs!2.Thosearejust___tears3.He’stakenthe___share4.Icansmella__5.toeatlikea___Key:1.cats2.crocodile3.lion4.rat5.horse/pigpeculiarmeaningofLet’ssee,ifyouunderstandthesomecommonidioms!PhrasalverbsOfallthedifferentkindsofEnglishidioms,perhapsthehardesttolearnarethosecomprisingthefortyorsomostcommonverbsinvariouscombinationswithaboutadozenprepositionsoradverbslikeup,down,in,out,on,off.Thedifferentmeaningsofsuchcombinationsamounttoseveralhundred,andtheconfusionthattheycauseforthelearnerisimmense.ThestoryistoldofaforeignstudentinU.S.A.sittingbyawindowreadingabook.Sheheardsomeoneshout,“Lookout!”,soshestuckherheadoutofthewindowtolook.Justthenaboardcamedownfromabove,narrowlymissingher.Shelookedup.Therewasamandoingrepairs.“Didn’tyouhearmecall‘lookout’?”heasked.“Yes,andthat’swhatIdid.”Shereplied.So,firstofall,astudentshouldlearnnottolookdownonsuchidiomsjustbecausetheyaremadeupofsuchsimpleandeasywords.Heshouldlookoutforidenticalphraseswithdifferentmeaningandlookthemupinadictionaryifhe’snotsure.He’sboundtorunintoalotoftroublewhenhefirstusesthem,butheshouldn’tgivein,muchlessgiveup.Ifhekeepstryingandkeepsatitlongenoughhe’llmakeoutandthingswillturnoutwellintheend.Phrasalverbslookintoinvestigate(Latin)lookaboutexamine(French)lookafterseek(English)lookatinspect(Latin)lookdownondespise(French)lookforwardtoexpect(Latin)lookonwatch(English)lookoutforseek(English)looktowardsanticipate(Latin)lookuptoadmire(French)受历史文化影响形成的习语航海与英美早期文化smoothsailing一帆风顺；轻而易举的事情indeepwaters在困境中inroughwater灾难重重；处于混乱状态pouroilontroubledwaters平息风波/平息怒气burnone’sboats自断退路inthesameboat处于同样的命运中Beingonthesea,sail;beingontheland,settle.(到什么山上,唱什么歌.)航海与英美早期文化sinkorswim孤注一掷allatsea不知所措totideover渡过难关clearthedeck扫除障碍ontherocks处于婚姻危机中tomisstheboatfloatingcapital流动资产floatingmoney游资floatingcargo未到货floatinggoods过境货物，在途货物floatingtrade海上贸易floatingisland浮岛，蛋白（蛋羹）floatingvoter无党派投票人floatingloan流动贷款Proverbsrelatedtonavigation1.Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.2.Anyportinastorm.3.Letanother’sshipwreckbeyourseamark.4.Ratsdesertasinkingship.Chineseversion1.蝼蚁之穴能溃千里之堤.2.慌不择路.3.前车之覆,后车之鉴.4.树倒猢狲散.一去二三里，烟村四五家，亭台六七座，八九十枝花。—邵康（宋代理学家）Chineseidioms1.骑虎难下rideatigerandhardtogetoff(F)T:beupagumtree2.布衣蔬食wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood(F)T:coarseclothesandsimplefare数目词构成的汉语成语翻译groupone:1.十全十美2.十年寒窗3.十羊九牧4.十拿九稳5.笑一笑,十年少1.leavingnothingtobedesired/satisfactoryineveryway2.studyhardandlong/grindawayatstudies3.moreofficialsthanpeopleundercontrol4.beyondashadowofdoubt/unquestionable5.Smilemakesoneyounger.Grouptwo:1.三长两短2.三顾茅庐3.三缄其口4.三令五申5.此地无银三百两6.三思而后行1.Somethingunfortunate2.enlistwithsincerity3.holdoneselfbackfromsayingsomething4.reiterate/repeatedlyappeal5.aguiltypersongiveshimselfawaybyconspicuouslyprotestinghisinnocence6.lookbeforeyouleapTheTrinity(InChristianteaching)unionofthreepersons,Father,SonandHolySpirit.三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。Twoheadsarebetterthanone.一日不见，如隔三秋。Onedayapartseemsthreeautumns.Groupthree:1.五官端正2.五大三粗3.五风十雨4.五谷丰登5.五光十色6.五花八门1.haveregularfeatures2.tallandsturdy3.fa