定语从句(whowhomwhichthatwhose)

VIP免费欢迎下载定语从句基础知识简单句的基本句型1.主语+谓语（vi.）Heleftearlythatmorning.2.主语+系动词+表语Wearestudents.Helookshandsome.3.主语+谓语（vi.）+介词+宾语Theyarelisteningtotheradio.（介宾）4.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语Ilikeplayingbasketball.(动宾)如何判断从句主语从句Yourwordsmademehappy.Whatyousaidmademehappy.表语从句Helookshandsome.Itlooksasifhewereill.宾语从句(动宾)Hetoldusastory.Hetoldusthatwewouldhaveaholiday.宾语从句(介宾)Iaminterestedinthebook.Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryouarecomingornot.状语从句Ifoundmypurseinmydrawer.IfoundmypursewhereIleftit.Ithankyouforyourhelp.Ithankyoubecauseyouhelpedme.定语从句Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwho/thatisbeautiful.VIP免费欢迎下载Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词之前，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词之后。定语从句1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词\关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。关系副词：where,why,when，在定语从句中作状语。关系代词的用法1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.3)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4)Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.2.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.VIP免费欢迎下载2)Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.3.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)1)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.2)ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1）Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthismorning?2)Theperson（that/whom）youintroducedtomeisverykind.3)Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.4)YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.注：whose不能单独引导定语从句，它只能和所修饰的名词一起引导定语从句。即：“whose+名词”结构，whose在从句中作定语。6.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。VIP免费欢迎下载(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.(2)Therebe句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)IaminBeijing.(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.VIP免费欢迎下载7.一般用which而不用that的情况。(1)紧跟介词作宾语Therearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)作定语Hemaybelate,inwhichcase,weshouldwaitforhim.8.修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.VIP免费欢迎下载