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一、基本图形三角形：triangle矩形：rectangle正方形：square平行四边形：parallelogram梯形：tapezoid菱形：rhombus圆：circle四边形：quadrilateral二、基本立体图形正方体：cube长方体：rectangularprism圆柱体：rightcircularcyclinder圆锥体：rightcircularcone球体：sphere三、基本计算量长度：length面积：area体积（容积）：volume周长：perimeter表面积：surfacearea底面积：basearea四、有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集五、有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger，oddnumber奇数eveninteger，evennumber偶数integer，wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber，rationalnumber实数，有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数eg.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……primenumber质数eg.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数（last）commonmultiple（最小）公约数（prime）factor（质）因子ordinarycsale，decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比六、数列arithmeticprogression（sequence）等差数列geometricprogression（sequence）等比数列七、其它approximate近似（anti）clockwise（逆）顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位，位八、其它几何1、所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2、所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3、有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4、其它平面图形arc弧line，straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5、有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6、有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference，perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crossection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分器diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex（复数形式vertices）顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7、有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8、其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的基本数学词汇：加：plus/and/positive减：minus/negative/subtract差：difference乘：multipliedby/times乘方:power积：product除：dividedbydivisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数商：quotient余数：remainder阶乘：factorial等于：equal不等于：notequalto大于：greaterthan小于:lessthan大于等于：equalorgreaterthan小于等于：equalorlessthan约等于：approximateequalroundto/tothenearest四舍五入因为：because所以：therefore开平方：squarerootof开立方：cuberootofradicalsign，rootsign根号绝对值：theabsolutevalue函数：function图形：figure角：angle直角：rightangle锐角：acuteangle对折：fold分数：fractionX-轴：X-axesY-轴：Y-axes其它sequence次序geometric几何的integer整数ratio比例英语奥数题1、Didyouknow?Inthedecimalnumbersystem(base10)tendifferentdigits,0to9,areusedtowriteallthenumbers.Inthebinarynumbersystem(base2)twodifferentdigitsareused,i.e.0and1.Whichoneofthefollowingnumbersisnotavalidnumberintheoctalnumbersystem(base8)?A)128B)127C)126D)125E)1242、Thenumberofdiagonalsthatcanbedrawninaregularpolygonwithtwentysides(cosign)is_____.3、Ifaandbareintegers,10@3=1,152@7=3@6isequalto_____.4、Twonumbersareintheratio2:3.When4isaddedtoeachnumbertheratiochangesto5:7.Thesumofthetwooriginalnumbersis____.5、ThegreatestnumberofMondayswhichcanoccurin45consecutivedaysis____6、Saulplaysavideogameinwhichhescores4forahitandlost6foramiss.After20roundshisscoreis30.Thenumberoftimeshehasmissedis____.7、ThreegirlsA,BandCrunina100mrace.WhenAfinishes,Bis10mbehindAandwhenBfinishesCis20mbehindB.HowfarinmetreswasCfromAwhenAfinished?(Let’sassumealltheathletesrunataconstantspeed)8、Theareasofthefacesofarectangulaboxare84cm2,70cm2and30cm2.Thevolumeoftheboxincm3is____.9、Youhave3weights:1kg,3kgand9kgaswellasanequalarmbalance,asshown.Howmanydifferentweightobjectscanyouweighwiththesethree?[Remembertheweightsmaybeplacedoneitherside]参考答案：1、A考察我们学过的简单的进制问题，显然8进制中没有8出现2、170找规律，公式为n×（n-3）÷23、1定义新运算，就是求379÷6的余数。4、40，16和245、76、57、28米，根据距离比求出速度比，三者的速度比为1：9/10：18/258、420分解质因数9、13种