初中动词不定式和动名词精讲及练习

1初中动词不定式和动名词精讲考点1：动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式及特点动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“notto（do）”Heaskedmetoplaychesswithhim。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)1sawaboygoacrosstheroadjustnow。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)Theteachertoldmenottobelateagain.老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。下面重点介绍几种用(1)不定式作宾语①不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+todosth。结构)的动词有：begn(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)，learn(学会)，expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)，forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)，decide(决定)，try(尝试)，continue(继续)，er(比较喜欢)，pretend(假装)等。如Ihopetoseethefamousscientist。(tosee作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。②不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有：ready(准备好)，anxious(急于)，able能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sory(难过)，afraid(害怕)，pleased(高兴)，willing(愿意)等。如mgladtomeetyou。(tomeel作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如：whentodo(什么时候做)；howtodo(怎样做)；whattodo(做什么)；whytodo(为什么做)；wheretodo(在哪丿L做)；whichtodo(做哪一个)等。如Idon'tknowwhattobuyformymother。(whattobuy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。（2.）不定式用作宾语补足语）不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb。+todosth。结构)动词有：ask(请)，force(强迫)，alow(允许)，expect(期望，盼望)，Invite(邀请)，want(要)，ell(告诉)，advise(建议)，help(帮助)，persuade(说服)，permit(准许)等。如JoanaskedMarytospeakfirst。(Mary在句中作宾语，tospeak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说(3)不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面。如WeranovertowelcomethenewfriendsfromtheUSA。(towelcome作目的状语)2我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)Tolearnmathsisveryimportant。=Itisveryimportanttolearnmaths。学数学很重要。3。省略to的不定式使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上to.常考的有Makesb.dosth.使某人做某事letsb.dosth。让某人做某事akesb.do叫某人做某事havesb.dosth.使某人做某事noticesh。do(doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多seesb.do(doing)sth。看见某人(正在)做某事hearsb.do(doing)sth。听见某人(正在)做某事如:1oftenseehimrunontheroad。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。4。不带to的常用句型Whydon'tyoudosth。?为什么不做某事?Whynotdosth。?为什么不做某事?Would/Couldyoupleasedosth。?请你做某事，好吗?Would/Couldyoupleasenotdosth。?请你不要做某事，好吗?wouldratherdosth。thandosth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事hadbetter(not)dosth。最好(不)要做某事prefertodosth。ratherthandosth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事考点2动名词1。动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形加-ing”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：Nosmokinghere。这里禁止吸烟。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如Sheisfondofcollectingstamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。2。常见的可接动名词的动词短语有insiston(坚持)thinkof(想到)dreamof(梦想)objectto(反对)hearof(听说)lookforwardto(期望)feellike(想要)devote。。to(致力于)get/beusedto(习惯于)befondof(喜欢)beafraidof(害怕)betiredof(厌烦)succeed(成功)stop。from(阻止…做)keep。from(阻止)prevent。from(阻止……做dependon(依靠)spend。。in(在……花费)beinterestedin(对…·感兴趣)beproudof(以……为骄傲/自豪)3一．从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。()1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest()2.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying()3.You’dbetter______yourbike_____atonce.ItisMondaytomorrow,youknow.A.tohave,mendB.have,mendedC.have,tomendD.tohave,mended()4.---Look!Thelightsintheclassroomarestillon.---Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningthemoffB.turnthemoffC.toturnthemoffD.havingturnedthemoff()5.“Can’tyouread?”theofficersaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.pointangrily()6.Thecomputercenter,_______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened()7.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman_______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive()8.---What’sthelanguage_______inNewZealand?---English.A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak()9.Hedidn’tfeellike_______outforawalk,becausehehadcaughtacold.A.togoB.goesC.goneD.going()10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning()11.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin4()12.Aclockismadefor_______usthetime.A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tells()13.You’dbetter_______athomeallthetime.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.don’tstayB.notostayC.notstayD.notstaying()14.Thestudentsarebusy_______readyfortheexamnow.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget()15.Themotheraskedtheboy_______downtheladder,buthewenton_______instead.A.come;climbingB.tocome;toclimbC.tocome;climbingD.coming;climbing二．语法选择填空。Sometimesyoujustneedaquicktriptothebeach.Idecided1PuertoRico.Theisland,2isaUSAterritory(地域),offersAmericansallthecomfortsofdomestic(国内的)travel.ButPuertoRicoalsohasCaribbeanbeachesandLatinculturealong3waterfallsandgoodfoodanddrinks.Wespentfivedays4onthebeach,exploringoldSanJuan,hikingthroughtheisland'srainforestand,ofcourse，enjoyingtropical(热带的)drinksaswethoughtof_5futures.PuertoRico6twokindsofseasons:wetanddry.Pricestend7lowerintherainymonths,ApriltoNovember,butthat'sbecauseyouruntheriskof8stuckinsideyourhotelroomwaitingfortheraintosubside(减弱)。Travelingtherelastfall,Iknewthisgoingin,butwaswilling9mychances.Wealsospentaday10ElYunque,Puertorico'sfamoustropicalrainforest.Manyvisitorsrentacarandmadethetrek(跋涉)11theirownfromSanjuan-it'sabout30minutesaway-12webookedaguidedtourthroughourhotelthatincluded13hikeandswimmingbeneathawaterfall.There14severaldifferentplaceswhereyoucanswim,butbepreparedforabitofadventure,15slipperyrocksandariverwitharopeswing。()1.A.totryB.tryC.tryingDtried()2.AwhoB.whichC.whatD.whos