时间状语从句

Grammar:adverbialclauseoftime时间状语从句。I.when,while,as可引导WhenIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Whilehewasinprison,hewrotehisfirstnovel.如果主句表示的是短暂动作，从句用进行时或延续性动作状态时,when,while,as可互换。II.区别1.as多用于口语中，引导持续性动作，侧重于两个动作同时发生,有“当…的时候”，“一边…一边…”或表示“随着”的含义,eg.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.Ashegrewolder,hebegantogodeaf.2.while常引导延续性动作，表示的是一段时间,不是一点时间,强调动作同时发生，相当于duringthetime.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersaretalking.3.when强调“特定时间”,从句动作发生与主句动作之前时用when，不可用while和as。while还有对比的含义,有时也表示“尽管”，引导让步状语Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.IcanhavearestwhenIhavefinishedmywork.Allthelightswentoutwhentheclockstrucktwelve.when还可做并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattimeWeareabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorain.IwaswalkingonthestreetwhenIsawatailor’sshop.Ihadwalked20mileswhenitstartedtorain.as,while,when用法总结1.都可以引导时间状语，且意思为“当…的时候”但as和while常强调两个动作同时发生。当强调两个动作时间先后时只能用when。2.when还可做并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。且还可用于“hardly/scarcely…when”结构中，意为“刚…就…”。3.while有时表示转折或引导让步状语，意为“然而”或“尽管”。4.as用法很多，引导时间状语时有时意为“一边…一边…”或“随着”。也可做关系代词用与定语从句中，还可意为“尽管”“因为”“按照”等，引导让步、原因、方式等状语从句。Grammar2:pastperfecttense过去的两个动作，如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，发生在前的就用过去完成时，即“过去的过去”。eg.Whenhereachedtheshop,ithadalreadyclosed.1.在by,bytheendof,bythetime后接某一表示过去的时间时。Hehadcopiedthereportthreetimesbytenlastnight.BytheendoflastFriday,theprojecthadalreadybeencompleted.Wehadhopedtocatchthe8:00bus,butfounditgone.3.nosooner…than..,hardly/scarcely…when..中，前面用完成时，表示“刚…就…”/“一….就….”Theyhadhardlybeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.Ihadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.Ihadscarcelyclosedthewindowwhenthestormcame.Ihadthoughthehaddied.2.表示原计划打算做某事而没有办成。常用词有:want,mean,plan,hopethink,suppose,expectetc.此句式可以变成倒装，时态不变。Hardlyhadtheybeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.4.在有beforeandafter的时间状语从句中，因为有了明确的前后关系，主句可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Thetrainleftbeforehegotthere.IplayedcomputergamesafterI(had)finishedmyhomework.Exercises:1.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_____someonepattedhimontheshould.A.AsB.untilC.whileD.when2.Iarrivedlate;I____theroadtobesoicy.A.wouldn'texpectB.haven’texpectedC.hadn’texpectedD.wasn’texpectingDC3.___modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.IfA4.Iwillgohome___Ihavefinishedmyhomework.A.untilB.whenC.asD.while5.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewhospital___.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompletedBD6.Helen___herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome7.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especially___fatherwasawayinParis.A.asB.thatC.duringD.ifCA8.JohnandI___friendsfor8years.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe___eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen9.Thenewbridge___bytheendofthismonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.isdesignedD.willhavebeendesigned10.___exerciseI,wewenttodoanotherexercise.A.HavingfinishedB.FinishingC.AfterfinishedD.WhenfinishingDDA11.---Whatwasthepartylike?---Wonderful.It’syears___Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since12.---CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou___abitolder.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot13.---Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?---___1932.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.SinceDAD14.___youreceivedthenews?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenwasitC.WhenitwasthatD.Whenitwas15.Atthistimetomorrow___overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly16.---WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyouyesterdayevening?---I___myhomeworkandwasstartingtotakeabath.A.hadjustfinishedB.wasfinishingC.havealreadyfinishedD.wasgoingtofinishABA16.Therestofmoney___spentsofar.A.wasB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.hadbeen17.---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher____Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once18.UnfortunatelywhenIarrivedshe___,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.justleftB.hasjustleftC.wasjustleavingD.hadjustleftCBC