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run-onsentence&&sentencefragmentsSentencefragments1.定义2.识别3.改正方法run-onsentence1.定义2.分类3.改正方法run-onsentence1、定义：run-onsentence：流水句Arun-onsentenceisasentenceinwhichtwoormoreindependentclauses(thatis,completesentences)arejoinedwithnopunctuationorconjunction.指错误地将两个独立分句合写在一个句子里面，没有正确地用标点或连词加以分离。2、分类:逗号使用错误和无标点句是中国学生写作中由于受汉语的影响而普遍出现的问题。逗号使用错误相当于中文写作中常出现的“一逗到底”的现象，这种现象在英文写作中是不允许的。无标点则表现为完整的句子之间没有标点符号连接。(1)逗号错误(commasplice):使用逗号但没有并列连词将两个独立分句写在一个句子里。Form:Independentclause,independentclause.(2)溶合句(fusedsentence)：根本不使用标点把两个独立分句合写在一个句子里。Form:Independentclauseindependentclause.3、常用改正方法：①句号连接、分句独立成完整的句子（起强调作用）②逗号+并列连词（分句并列，fanboys）③分号+连接副词（分句并列,therefore,thus,however,consequently,furthermore,also,nevertheless)④分号（分句并列）⑤主要分句作主句，其它分句变成从属结构（从句或词组，强调主句所表达的意义，弱化从属结构所表达的意义）Examples:Tomputamatchtothepapers,thepileburstintoflames.(commafault)Tomputamatchtothepapersthepileburstintoflames.(fusedsentence)Corrections:•1.句号连接变成两个独立分句Tomputamatchtothepapers.Thepileburstintoflames.•2.逗号+并列连词Tomputamatchtothepapers,andthepileburstintoflames.•3.分号+连接副词Tomputamatchtothepapers;thenthepileburstintoflames.•4.使用分号Tomputamatchtothepapers;thepileburstintoflames.•5.把其中的一个变成从句WhenTomputamatchtothepapers,thepileburstintoflames.•6.把其中的一个分句变成词组Tomhavingputamatchtothepapers,thepileburstintoflames.Mycarbrokedown,Ineedtobuyanewone.•Mycarbrokedown.Ineedtobuyanewone.•Mycarbrokedown;Ineedtobuyanewone.•Mycarbrokedown,soIneedtobuyanewone.•Mycarbrokedown;thereforeIneedtobuyanewone.1.HeoftenwatchedTVwhentherewereonlyreruns.Shepreferredtoreadinstead.HeoftenwatchedTVwhentherewereonlyreruns;however,shepreferredtoreadinstead.•2.Ididn'tknowwhichjobIwantedIwastooconfusedtodecide.•Ididn'tknowwhichjobIwanted,soIwastooconfusedtodecide.sentencefragments1、定义：sentencefragments:句子碎片，不完整句Afragmentisonlyapieceofacompletethought.Itcanbephrasesordependentclausesoranyincompletewordgroup.一般是指某句子看上去样子像个句子，但它从语法上讲并不是一个句子，是模仿真的句子的假句子。2、识别：一个完整的句子最基本的要素就是主语(asubject)+动词(averb)+完整意思(acompletethought)1）观察句子是否有主语（subject)；theperson,place,orthingperformingordoingtheaction2）观察句子是否有谓语(verb)；theaction3）观察句子开头是否用从属连词(subordinatingconjunction)或关系代词(relativepronoun）来保证句子意思完整。thereaderisn'tleftwaitingforanotherword三者缺一即为不完整句子3、改正：把句子中缺少的主语，谓语，及其他丢失的元素补上ex:•TrappedintheArcticOcean.•WhalesintheArcticOcean.•Whenwintercomesearly.•ManywhalesweretrappedintheArcticOcean•WhalesliveintheArcticOcean.•Whenwintercomesearly,icesometimestrapswhalesintheArcticOcean.(a)Iopenedthedoor.Expectingtoseemybrotherstandingontheporch.Iopenedthedoor,expectingtoseemybrotherstandingontheporch.(b)Becausesheexercisesregularly.Sheisinexcellentcondition.•Shefeelsgreatbecausesheexercisesregularly.Sheisinexcellentcondition.（c）WhileDonaldwascheckinghistrapline.HesawanenormousblackbearWhileDonaldwascheckinghistrapline,hesawanenormousblackbear.•THANKYOU！