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新标准大学英语综合教程2原文UNIT1Collegejustisn'tspecialanymore1Ifyoucanrememberanythingaboutthe1960s,youweren'treallythere,sothesayinggoes.Itmaybetrueforthosewhospenttheircollegeyearsinahazeofmarijuanasmoke.Butthereisonethingeveryoneremembersaboutthe1960s:Goingtocollegewasthemostexcitingandstimulatingexperienceofyourlife.2Inthe1960s,California'scollegesanduniversitieshadtransformedthestateintotheworld'sseventhlargesteconomy.However,Berkeley,theUniversityofCalifornia'smaincampus,wasalsowell-knownforitsstudentdemonstrationsandstrikes,anditsatmosphereofpoliticalradicalism.WhenRonaldReaganranforofficeasgovernorofCaliforniain1966,heaskedifCalifornianswouldallowagreatuniversitytobebroughttoitskneesbyanoisy,dissidentminority.Theliberalsrepliedthatitwastheabilitytotoleratenoisy,dissidentminoritieswhichmadeuniversitiesgreat.3OnuniversitycampusesinEurope,masssocialistorcommunistmovementsgaverisetoincreasinglyviolentclashesbetweentheestablishmentandthecollegestudents,withtheirnewandpassionatecommitmenttofreedomandjustice.MuchoftheprotestwasabouttheVietnamWar.ButinFrance,thestudentsoftheSorbonneinParismanagedtoformanalliancewiththetradeunionsandtolaunchageneralstrike,whichultimatelybroughtabouttheresignationofPresidentdeGaulle.4Itwasn'tjusttheactivismthatcharacterizedstudentlifeinthe1960s.Everywhere,goingtocollegemeantyourfirsttasteofrealfreedom,oflatenightsinthedormorintheJuniorCommonRoom,discussingthemeaningoflife.Youusedtohavetogotocollegetoreadyourfirstforbiddenbook,seeyourfirstindiefilm,orfindsomeonewhosharedyourpassionforJimiHendrixorLennyBruce.Itwasamomentofunimaginablefreedom,themostliberatinginyourlife.5Butwhere'sthepassiontoday?What'sthematterwithcollege?Thesedayspolitical,socialandcreativeawakeningseemstohappennotbecauseofcollege,butinspiteofit.Ofcourse,it'struethathighereducationisstillimportant.Forexample,intheUK,PrimeMinisterBlairwasclosetoachievinghisaimofgetting50percentofallunderthirtiesintocollegeby2010(eventhoughacynicwouldsaythatthiswastokeepthemofftheunemploymentstatistics).Yetcollegeeducationisnolongeratopicofgreatnationalimportance.Today,collegeisseenasakindofsmalltownfromwhichpeoplearekeentoescape.Somepeopledropout,butthemostapatheticstaythecoursebecauseit'stoomuchefforttoleave.6Insteadoftheheadyatmosphereoffreedomwhichstudentsinthe1960sdiscovered,studentstodayaremuchmoreserious.TheBritishCouncilhasrecentlydoneresearchintothefactorswhichhelpinternationalstudentsdecidewheretostudy.Indescendingordertheseare:qualityofcourses,employabilityprospects,affordability,personalsecurityissues,lifestyle,andaccessibility.Collegehasbecomeameanstoanend,anopportunitytoincreaseone'schancesontheemploymentmarket,andnotanendinitself,whichgivesyouthechancetoimagine,justforashortwhile,thatyoucanchangetheworld.7Thegapbetweenchildhoodandcollegehasshrunk,andsohasthegapbetweencollegeandtherealworld.Oneofthereasonsmaybefinancial.Inanuncertainworld,manychildrenrelyontheirparents'supportmuchlongerthantheyusedto.Studentsleavinguniversityinthe21stcenturysimplycannotaffordtosetuptheirownhomebecauseit'stooexpensive.Anotherpossiblereasonisthecommunicationsrevolution.Gonearethedayswhenasonordaughterranghomeonceortwiceaterm.Todaystudentsareumbilicallylinkedtotheirparentsbytheircellphones.Andasforfindinglike-mindedfriendstoshareapassionforobscureliteratureormusic,well,wehavetheInternetandchatroomstohelpusdothat.8Blisswasitinthatdawntobealive,9Buttobeyoungwasveryheaven!10WordsworthmayhavewrittentheselinesabouttheFrenchRevolution,buttheywerealsotrueforthestudentsofthe1960s.Sowhyaren'ttheytrueforthestudentsoftoday?UNIT2Howempathyunfolds1ThemomentHope,justninemonthsold,sawanotherbabyfall,tearswelledupinherowneyesandshecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother,asthoughitwereshewhohadbeenhurt.And15-month-oldMichaelwenttogethisownteddybearforhiscryingfriendPaul;whenPaulkeptcrying,MichaelretrievedPaul'ssecurityblanketforhim.Boththesesmallactsofsympathyandcaringwereobservedbymotherstrainedtorecordsuchincidentsofempathyinaction.Theresultsofthestudysuggestthattherootsofempathycanbetracedtoinfancy.Virtuallyfromthedaytheyareborninfantsareupsetwhentheyhearanotherinfantcrying—aresponsesomeseeastheearliestprecursorofempathy.2Developmentalpsychologistshavefoundthatinfantsfeelsympatheticdistressevenbeforetheyfullyrealizethattheyexistapartfromotherpeople.Evenafewmonthsafterbirth,infantsreacttoadisturbanceinthosearoundthemasthoughitweretheirown,cryingwhentheyseeanotherchild'stears.Byoneyearorso,theystarttorealizethemiseryisnottheirownbutsomeoneelse's,thoughtheystillseemconfusedoverwhattodoaboutit.InresearchbyMartinL.HoffmanatNewYorkUniversity,forexample,aone-year-oldbroughthisownmotherovertocomfortacryingfriend,ignoringthefriend'smother,whowasalsointheroom.Thisconfusionisseentoowhenone-year-oldsimitatethedistressofsomeoneelse,possiblytobettercomprehendwhattheyarefeeling;forexample,ifanotherbabyhurtsherfingers,aone-year-oldmightputherownfingersinhermouthtoseeifshehurts,too.Onseeinghismothercry,onebabywipedhisowneyes,thoughtheyhadnotears.3Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,isthe