社会资本理论的述评

[],[](goodsociety),,,,:,,??,?,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,(RonaldS.Burt):(advantage),,,,,,,,,,,,,(locationeffect),(PierreBourdieu);(Coleman);(RobertPutnam)92()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,(structureholes)(networkclosure),,,,,,:(ElinorOstrom)(TheMinimalistView)(TheTransitionalView)(TheExpansionistView)(ThomasFortBrown),(systemism),(processualsystem),,,,,,,:,(theembed2dedegoperspective);,(thestructuralperspective);,(theembeddedstructuralperspective),:(micro)(meso)(macro),,,,,:,,,,,():,,,,,(deTocqueville);(JaneJacobs),(individualconnections),,,,,,:,,(),,,,,(03()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.)(Burt,1992),,,(1997),,,,(GlennLoury),,,,(Coleman,1990),(Loury,1992),,,,(helper),:(Fukuyama,2000),,,,,,,,,,:,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,:,2013:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:(1993),,:,,,,,,10,,,,,(normsofreciprocity)(networksofcivicengagement),,,,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,(weakconnec2tions),23()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,,??,;,,,;,,,,,,(Kant)(rationaldevils),,,,(RobertEllickson),,(VincentBuskens),:,,;,,,,,,,;;,,;,;(pathdependence),(so2ciallysuboptimal)lv,,(PaulF.Whiteley),,,,,,,,,,(New2ton),33:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,(),,,,(TomSchuller)(StephenBaron),,,;,,,,,,lw,,,,,,(ManuelCastells),,,(,)(Castells,1996),,(1980),(MarttiSiisi¾inen):,,;,,,,,(civicengagement),,,:()(),,,,,,,,,lx,,,,,,,,,,?,,,:43()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,ly,,,(rule),(),(),;,,,,,;,,,,,;,,(Self-gov2ernnace);,,,,,:,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,;;;,,,,,,,,,53:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,lz,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,:l{,,,;,,,,(theGeneralSocialSur2veys),,,,,,,;,,,,,,;,,,,,(,,)(,)(,),,,l|,;,,,,,,;;,,,,,63()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,(),,,,,(PippaNorris)l},,:(1);(2);(3)(individual-level)(diffuse-level),,,(),(socialbonds),,,206070,,,;,,,,,,,,,,(Dasgupta),,,,l~,,,()(),,(),,,,,,,,,(BobEdwards)(MichaelFoley),(Contextually-specific);,,mu,,73:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,(civility);mv(Kasse),,,,,,,,,,,,,,:(1);(2);(3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2050mw,,,,50,:,,;,,,()()(),,;,,,,mx,83()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,()()();,,,,,,:,,,;,,,,(Woolcock),,,,,,,,;,,,,:,;,,;,,;,,,,208090,,()();,,,,,,,(embeddedness)(autonomy),,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,93:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.my,,,2090,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:;(),,,mz,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,04()20025©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,,,,,,:RonaldSBurt:StructrualHolesversusNetworkClo2sureasSocialCapital,inInternet,May,2000.:ElinorOstromandT.K.Ahn,ASocialSciencePerspectiveOnSocialCapital:SocialCapitalandCollectiveAction,2001,ininternetThomasFordBrown,TheoreticalPerspectiveonSo2cialCapital,inInternet.ElinorOstromandT.K.Ahn,ASocialSci2encePerspectiveOnSocialCapital:SocialCapitalandCollectiveAction,2001,ininternet.RonaldBurt,StructuralHoles,Cambridge:HarvardUniveristyPress,1992,P,9.Coleman,J.S:FoundationsofSocialTheory,Cam2bridge:Belknap,1990.RonaldS.Burt:StructuralHolesVersusNetworkClosureasSocialCapital,2000,May,inInternet.:,2000Paul.F.Whiteley:theOriginsofSocialCapital.:RobertEllickson,OrderWithoutLaw:HowNeighborsSettleDisputes,Cambridge,MA.:HarvardUniversityPress1991lu:ElinorOstrom,GoverningtheCommons:theEvolutionofInstitutionsforCollectiveAction,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1990lv:FrancisFukuyama,SocialCapitalandCivilSociety,1999,ininternetlwTomSchuller,StephenBaronandJohnField,SocialCapital:ARiviewandCritique,inSocialCapi2tal:CriticalPerspectives,editbyStephenBaron,JohnFieldandTomSchuller,OxfordUniversityPress,2000lx:,2001ly,203204lzK.Newton:SocialTrustandPoliticalDisaffection:SocialCapitalandDemocracy,2001,ininternet.l{JamesS.Coleman:SocialCapitalintheCre2ationofHumanCapital,inSocialCapital:AMulti2facetedPerspective,editedbyParthaDasguptaandIsmailSerageldin.2000l|Gambetta,D:Trust:MakingandBreakingSocialRe2lations.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1988.l}PippaNorris:MakingDemocraciesWork:SocialCapitalandCivicEngagementin47Societies,2001.l~ParthaDasguptaandIsmailSerageldin:SocialCapi2tal:AMultifacetedPerspective,Washington:WorldBank,2000.muBobEdwardandMichaelW.Foley:CivilSocietyandSocialCapitalbeyondPutnam,inAmericanBehav2ioralScientist.42(1):124139.mvmw,:,358378mx,379417my:,:mz::(:)(:)14:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.