Unit-5-by-comparison-and-contrast

DevelopmentbycomparisonandcontractI.UnderstandingthestructureComparisonorcontrastparagraphsareusedtoshowsimilaritiesordifferencesbetweentwothings.Acomparisonparagraphfocusonsimilarities.Acontrastparagraphfocusondifferences.Aparagraphusuallyconcentratesonlyonsimilaritiesordifferences,notbothatthesametime.Thepurposeisnotjusttopointoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesoradvantagesanddisadvantages,buttoshowthesuperiorityofonethingbycomparingitwithanother,ortoshowthesimilaritiesordifferencesoftwothingstohelpthereaderevaluatethemII.SamplestudyIdon’tthinkkidshaveasmuchfunastheyusedto.WhenIwasachild,Ispentmuchtimeplayingwithmyfriendsoutinthestreetafterschool.Wedesigneddifferentkindsofgamestohavefun.Butmowcompetitionkeepsgettingintheway.Modernkidshavemotimeforleisure,letalonepersonalinterestsorhobbies.Homeworkalonewon’tbefinisheduntilverylatenight.Whenweekendscome,theyhavepianolessonandEnglishlessonsanddancelessonsthateatupalltheirfreetimeStudyanothersampleonP.102III.Twomajorwaysoforganizingcomparisonandcontrastparagraphs1.Blockpattern/subjectbysubjectThecontentoftheparagraphispresentedinblocks.Allthedetailsaboutonesideofthecomparisonorcontrastarepresentedfirst,followedbyallthedetailsabouttheotherside.e.g.Supposewearegoingtocomparetwocars.CarXandCarYTopicsentence:CarXisbetterthanCarYintermsofcostofmaintenance,performanceandcomfortByblockpattern1)CarX:a.costofmaintenanceb.performancec.comfort2)CarY:a.costofmaintenanceb.performancec.comfortNote:Thepointsofcomparisonarethesame,discussedinthesameorderundereachsection.Problem:Sometimesthewritermayforgethowthepointsarecomparedorcontrastedinthefirstsection.Thereforethepatternislessusedthantheotherpattern—alternativepattern.2.Alternativepattern/pointbypointItistoexaminetwothingsatthesametime,discussingthempointbypoint.Thealternativepatterniseasiertofollowthantheother.e.g.Byalternativepattern1)costofmaintenancea.CarXb.CarY2)performancea.CarXb.CarY3)comforta.CarXb.CarYNowcomparesample1and3onP.103IV.Expressionsoftenusedinthewriting(P.104)Tocompare:similarto,similarly,like,alike,likewise,resemble,resemblance,as,justas,inthesameway,tohave…incommon,Therearesimilaritiesbetween…Tocontrast:Differfrom,unlike,incontrasttoA,B…,differentformA,B…,contrarytoA,B..onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,while/whereas,however/butE.g.ExpressionsofcomparisonThereareseveralsimilaritiesbetweenAandB.AandBhavealotincommon.SimilartoA,Blikesoutdoorsports.BothAandBlikeshopping.Alikesswimming,sodoesB.Alikesswimminginthesea;similarly/likewise/inthesameway,Blikesthattoo.JustasAlikestobequiet,Blikestostayalone.AresemblesBinthatAisalsointerestedincolletingstamps.E.g.ExpressionsofcontrastUnlikeA,BlikesoutdoorsportsIncontrasttoA,BlikesoutdoorsportsDifferentfromA,BlikesoutdoorsportsContrarytoA,BlikesoutdoorsportsAlikesindooractivities,but(however,incontrast,ontheotherhand)BlikesoutdoorsportsAlikesindooractivities,while/whereasBlikesoutdoorsportsAisdifferent(differs)from(contrastswith)BinthatBlikesoutdoorsports.AisnotasactiveasB.Aismore/lessactiveasBPracticetask1CollectideasforaparagraphonthefollowingtopicingroupsMakeacomparisonofyourmiddleschoollifeandcollegelifeHints:Collegelife:abetterstudyenvironment,(thelibrary,books,largeclassroom,allkindsofactivities,morefreetime,moreindependent,Middleschoollife:gotocollege,alotofhomework,bookknowledge,studymethod,exams,dependentinteachersandparents,Key:Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoollifeandcollegelife.Tobeginwith,collegehasabetterstudyenvironment.Thelibraryiswellequipped.Thereisahugecollectionofallkindsofbooks.Therearealsoseveralmodernreadingroomswherewecanstudybeourselves.Incollegewecantakepartinallkindsofschoolactivities.Wehavemorefreetimehereandwehavetolearntomanageourownstudyandlife.Butatmiddleschool,wehavetostudyonlyforoneaim:togotocollege.Wehavetodoalotofhomeworkandwehavelessfreetime.Aswehavetopassexams,thelifeisboringandmechanic.Heretheteachersandparentswillarrangeeverythingforus.Onthewhole,collegelifeisricherandmoreinterestingthanschoollife.PracticeTask2:CollectideasforaparagraphonthefollowingtopicingroupsMakeacomparisonoftravelingbytrainwithtravelingbyplaneHints:Bytrain:safe,convenient,enjoyscenesoutofthewindow,cheaperByplane:faster,unsafe,uncomfortable,boring,expensiveHomeworkWriteaparagraphofcontrastorcomparisonin100wordsaboutthetopicSpringandAutumn(onP.105)