IT职场英语教学课件Unit-3-Milestones-and-Giants-in-IT-Indus

Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustryIT职场英语教师用书Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustryI:本单元教学目的：1.通过背景讨论、阅读概念学习文章，充分了解Thompson和Ritchie如何设计和创建Unix，掌握行业术语；2.通过案例分析文章阅读和学习，学生了解21世纪个人电脑历史上的几个里程碑以及对社会意义，并能完成课后的相关案例分析报告；3.学生能够撰写商务新闻，并进行口头陈述4.了解科技术语翻译II:练习题答案PartOneConceptLearningTask1ThinkbeforeYouRead1.1Serendipity，是意外发现珍奇事物的才能，机缘凑巧的意思。课文里Thompson认为Unix系统的产生是serendipity（P38），老师可以带领学生理解Unix的诞生过程，Thompson的不断实验和改进，引导学生讨论Unix的诞生是否是机缘巧合，学生的结论很可能两个答案都有支持者，正如JeffBezos和LouisPasteur的两句名言一样。亚马逊的创始人JeffBezos认为一切发明也许都是机缘巧合，教师可以引导学生探究Bezos的成功路径，无论是早期投资谷歌公司，还是建立太空公司，还是目前进军硬件领域，每个决定都是他基于不断思考和创新，不怕失败的意志，绝非纯粹机缘。LouisPasteur是著名的生物学家，他坚信每一个机会都青睐有准备的人，因为他一直在实验室中坚持着，他的成功就是因为做了比别人多的实验，不曾放弃。1.2NameAchievementBillGatesMakecomputeravailabletoeveryoneMaYunLaunchE-commerceinChinaAlanMathisonTuringFartheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence.StevenJobscreativeentrepreneurwhosepassionrevolutionizedsixindustries:personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishingUnit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustryIT职场英语教师用书ZhangXiaolongCreateWechat,QQmail,foxmail其他10位IT行业先锋和领军人物以及他们的事迹（ppt里有）1.MarkZuckerbergMarkElliotZuckerberg(bornMay14,1984)isanAmericancomputerprogrammer,Internetentrepreneur,andphilanthropist.Heisthechairman,chiefexecutive,andco-founderofthesocialnetworkingwebsiteFacebook.Hispersonalwealth,asofDecember2015,isestimatedtobe$46billion.2.AlanTuringAlanMathisonTuring(June1912–7June1954)wasapioneeringBritishcomputerscientist,mathematician,logician,cryptanalystandtheoreticalbiologist.Hewashighlyinfluentialinthedevelopmentoftheoreticalcomputerscience,providingaformalisationoftheconceptsofalgorithmandcomputationwiththeTuringmachine,whichcanbeconsideredamodelofageneralpurposecomputer.Turingiswidelyconsideredtobethefatheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence..3.StevenPaulSteveJobsStevenPaul“Steve”Jobs(February24,1955–October5,2011)wasanAmericaninformationtechnologyentrepreneurandinventor.Hewastheco-founder,chairman,andchiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)ofAppleInc.;CEOandlargestshareholderofPixarAnimationStudios;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany‘sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;andfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXTInc.Jobsiswidelyrecognizedasapioneerofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970s,alongwithAppleco-founderSteveWozniak.Shortlyafterhisdeath,Jobs’sofficialbiographer,WalterIsaacson,describedhimasthe“creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionforperfectionandferociousdriverevolutionizedsixindustries:personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing.”4.MarvinMinskyMarvinMinsky(August9,1927–January24,2016)hasmademanycontributionstoAI,cognitivepsychology,mathematics,computationallinguistics,robotics,andoptics.Hisconceptionofhumanintellectualstructureandfunctionispresentedintwobooks:TheEmotionMachineandTheSocietyofMind(whichisalsothetitleofthecourseheteachesatMIT).HereceivedtheBAandPhDinmathematicsatHarvard(1950)andPrinceton(1954).In1951hebuilttheSNARC,thefirstneuralnetworksimulator.Hisotherinventionsincludemechanicalarms,handsandotherroboticdevices,theConfocalScanningMicroscope,theMusesynthesizerformusicalvariations(withE.Fredkin),andoneofthefirstLOGOturtles.AmemberoftheNAS,NAEUnit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustryIT职场英语教师用书andArgentineNAS,hehasreceivedtheACMTuringAward,theMITKillianAward,theJapanPrize,theIJCAIResearchExcellenceAward,theRankPrizeandtheRobertWoodPrizeforOptoelectronics,andtheBenjaminFranklinMedal.5.LinusBenedictTorvaldsLinusBenedictTorvalds(bornDecember28,1969)isaFinnish-Americansoftwareengineer,whoisthecreatoroftheLinuxkernelandforalongtime,principaldeveloper;thatbecamethekernelforoperatingsystems(andmanydistributionsofeach),suchasGNUandyearslaterAndroidandChromeOS.Healsocreatedthedistributedrevisioncontrolsystemgit.Hewashonored,alongwithShinyaYamanaka,withthe2012MillenniumTechnologyPrizebytheTechnologyAcademyFinlandinrecognitionofhiscreationofanewopensourceoperatingsystemforcomputersleadingtothewidelyusedLinuxkernel.Heisalsotherecipientofthe2014IEEEComputerSocietyComputerPioneerAward.6.JohnvonNeumannJohnvonNeumann(December28,1903–February8,1957)wasaHungarian-Americanpureandappliedmathematician,physicist,inventor,andpolymath.Hemademajorcontributionstoanumberoffields,includingmathematics(foundationsofmathematics,functionalanalysis,ergodictheory,geometry,topology,andnumericalanalysis),physics(quantummechanics,hydrodynamics,fluiddynamicsandquantumstatisticalmechanics),economics(gametheory),computing(VonNeumannarchitecture,linearprogramming,self-replicatingmachines,stochasticcomputing),andstatistics.Hewasapioneeroftheapplicationofoperatortheorytoquantummechanics,inthedevelopmentoffunctionalanalysis,aprincipalmemberoftheManhattanProjectandtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton(asoneofthefeworiginallyappointed),andakeyfigureinthedevelopmentofgametheoryandtheconceptsofcellularautomata,theuniversalconstructorandthedigitalcomputer.Hepublished150papersinhislife;60inpuremathematics,20inphysics,and60inappliedmathematics.7.GordonEarleMooreGordonEarleMoore(bornJanuary3,1929