污染避难所假说的研究进展

“污染避难所假说”的研究进展　“污染避难所假说”指出,由于发展中国家的环境管理能力和环境标准都显著地低于发达国家,在资源配置全球化的大背景下,发达国家的一些污染产业或企业有可能转移到发展中国家,进而对发展中国家的生态环境施加负面影响。本文对“污染避难所假说”研究进行梳理,分析现有研究存在的问题,并指出进一步研究的方向。　污染避难所　贸易模式　产业选址“”“”“”(hypothesisofindustrialrelocation)“”(industrialflighthypothesis)。,。()。,。,,。,。,,,“”。,,。,。、()。,,。,。。,,———。,“”。“”“”,、()。1997。,、。。187,。,。1.Tobey(1990,1993)HOV。Tobey1.85%。,64、,24。Tobey24,,11。,,。GrossmanKrueger(1993)Tobey:。,。LowYeats(1992)1967-19681987-1988。:,。1,。,(、、、)。:(1),18.7%15.7%;(2)20%16%;(3)1966-1968,10911%1,1986-1988,22%1,。,,。Kalt(1988),,。,,。,。,。,,,。,()。,。Ratnayake(1998),1980,96%OECD,1993,86%。,,3%11%;9%13%。,59%46%,。ManiWheeler(1999),。1960-1995,OECD,;,,。,,:;();。LevinsonTaylor(2001),EderingtonMinier(2001),,。。,。,,。LevinsonTaylor(2001)1974-1986、,,,;,,,。EderingtonMinier(2001),,,188“”,0.53,,,35。,,。,,,,,。,,,。“”,,。:,,。,;,;,;,,,;,,,,Dessus、、、,,。Chai(2002),,。2.XingKolstad(1996)“”。;;,。“”,,。LeonardDuerksen(1980),Walter(1982),Pearson(1987),Leonard(1988),Lucas,WheelerHettige(1992),LowYeates(1992)“”。LeonardDuerk-sen(1980),。,(、、)。,。。Walter(1982)1970、,。,,。Leonard(1988),,,。、、、,、、、。。,、。EskelandHarrison(2002),,,,,。、,。,。PortervanderLinde(1995),,。Levinson(1996)logit,、、1892005.2,。,。ListCo(2000)。。,,。BeckerHenderson(2000),。,。。,,,,;,,;,。,,,26%-45%。。。Kahn(1997),。KellerLevinson(2002),,。1977-1994,,。,。。,,,。。、,“”。,。,,,()(、)。SmarzynskaWei(2001),。,,,。,,。　　,“”,:;,,、、、,。1984,2.8%,19937.0%;1984,0.63%,19930.79%。,。,,,。。,,,,。,,,。,,,。,190“”,,。　1.:《》,2003。　2.:《:》,2001。　3.Antweiler,W.,Copeland,B.andTaylor,S.(2001),“IsFreeTradeGoodfortheEnvironment?”AmericanEconomicReview,91(4),877-908.　4.Frankel,J.andRose,A.(2002),“IsTradeGoodorBadfortheEnvironment?SortingouttheCausality”NBERWorkingPaperNo.9021,NBERResearchAssociates.　5.Keller,W.andLevinson,A.,“PollutionAbatementCostsandForeigndirectInvestmentInflowstoUSStates”,ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics84(2002):691-703.　6.Levinson,A.and.M.S.Taylor,“TradeandtheEnviron-ment:UnmaskingthePollutionHavenEffect”mimeo,George-townUniversity,2002.　7.Mani,M.andD.Wheeler,“InSearchofPollutionHavens?DirtyIndustryMigrationintheWorldEconomy,”WorldBankWorkingpaperNo.16,April(1997).　8.Copeland,B.R.andM.S.Taylor,“North-SouthTradeandtheEnvironment”,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,109(1994):755-87.　9.Copeland,Brian,andM.ScottTaylor,(2001),“Internation-alTradeandtheEnvironment:AFrameworkforAnalysis,”NBERWorkingPaperNo.8540,Oct.　10.Hettige,H.,M.Huq,S.Pargal,andD.Wheeler,“Deter-minantsofPollutionAbatementinDevelopingCountries:Evi-dencefromSouthandSoutheastAsia,”WorldDevelopment24(1996):1891-1904.　11.GustavoAnriquez,“TradeandtheEnvironment:AnEconom-icLiteratureSurvey”,DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics,TheUniversityofMaryland,CollegeParkWP02-16,2002.　12.Birdsall,N.andD.Wheeler(1993),“TradePolicyandIn-dustrialPollutioninLatinAmerica:WherearethePollutionHavens?”inJournalofEnvironmentandDevelopment,Vol.2,No.1(Winter).　13.List,J.A.andC.Y.Co.(2000),“TheEffectsofEnvi-ronmentalRegulationsonForeignDirectInvestment”,JournalofEnvironmentalEconomicsandManagement40(1):1-20.　14.BeghinJ,PotierM.(1997),“EffectsofTradeLiberalisationontheEnvironmentintheManufacturingSector”,WorldE-conomy20(4):435-456.　15.JeffreyA.Frankel,“TheEnvironmentandGlobalization”,　16.BrianR.CopelandM.ScottTaylor,“Trade,GrowthandtheEnvironment”,　17.Tobey,J.A.,“TheEffectsofDomesticEnvironmentalPoli-ciesonPatternsofWorldTrade:AnEmpiricalTest”,Kyklos,43:191-209.　18.BeataK.SmarzynskaandShang-JinWei,“PollutionHavensandForeignDirectInvestment:DirtySecretorPopularMyth?”September2001.　19.KevinGallagherandFrankAckerman,TradeLiberalizationandPollutionIntensiveIndustryinDevelopingCountries:APartialEquilibriumApproach,GlobalDevelopmentandenvi-ronmentInstitute,2000.　20.Jean-MarieGrether,JaimedeMelo,GlobalizationandDirtyIndustries:DoPollutionHavensMatter?June29,2002.　21.YuqingXingandCharlesD.Kolstad,“EnvironmentandTrade:AReviewofTheoryandIssues,1996.作者简介:张志辉,中国社科院经济研究所博士研究生。北京,100102〔:〕1912005.2