关系分句

RelativeClause1.Relativewords2.Thedifferencesbetweenrelativewords3.Restrictiveandnon-restrictiveclauses4.Preposition+relativepronoun5.Relativeclauseandappositiveclause1.RelativewordsRelativepronounRelativeadverbwhowhomthatwhichwhosewhenwherewhyTheotherrelativewordsas-function?1、Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.2、Ishouldliketousethesamepenasisusedhere.3、SuchbooksasIreadareliteraryworksofcontemporaryauthors.but(that/who/which…not)Thereisnoonebutknowsaboutit.=Thereisnoonewhodoesnotknowaboutit.=Everyoneknowsaboutit.than(more…than)Theprojectneedsmoremoneythanhasbeenputin.Hesmokedmorecigarettesthanwerenormallyavailable.2.TheDifferencesbetweenRelativeWords1)that/which2)which/as3)that/who一般多用that的情况：Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。(5)who或which的问句中。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.Which/as1.which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。例如：Asherealized,Iwasveryusefultohim.（在前）Air,asweknow,isagas.（在中）Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.(在后)Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisbossangry.（在后）2.在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am,is,are则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如：Heisateacher,as(is)clearfromhismanner.(is可以省略)Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.（was不可省略）3.当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用andthis,andthat代替，意思是“这件事”，例如：Hechangedhismind,which(andthis,andthat)mademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。Shehasmarriedagain,which(andthis,andthat)wasunexpected.出乎意料的是，也又结婚了。4.做主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而这时as只可以做系动词be的主语。例如:Hemarriedher,whichwasnatural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。Hewona/theNobelPrizeinchemistry,whichmadehimillustrious(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。Who/that当关系代词指人时，关系代词既可用who，也可以用that。但在以下情况用who。1.当先行词是persons,people,those时。例如：Thosewhoareformyplan,pleaseputupyourhands.同意我的计划的人请举手。Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.好争者被轻视。2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时，例如：HewhohasnotreachedtheGreatWallisn'tatrueman.不到长城非好汉。Allwhohadseenthisfilmweremoved.看过这部电影的人都受感动。3.在非限定性定语从句中用who。例如：Iwanthim,whoknowssomeEnglishandFrench.我要他，他懂得些英语和法语。Iwillpardonyou,whoarehonest.我愿意宽恕你，你是诚实的。4.在强调句型中多用who，在口语中who可以省略。例如：Ithinkitisyouwhoshouldcomeheretomorrow.我认为你明天应该来这儿。Itishewhocandothiswork.只有他能够干此工作。在以下情况多用that5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。例如：Sheisnotthewomanthatsheusedtobe.她已经不是过去的她了。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.中国已经不是过去的中国了。6.避免重复。例如：Whowasitthemanthatyoudancedwithlastnight?昨天晚上和你一起跳舞的那个人是谁？Whoisitthegirlthatoftencomestoschoolearly?常常早到校的那个女孩是谁？7.当先行词前面有指示代词same时，要用that。例如：Thatisthesamewomanthatspokeatthemeetingyesterday.这个与昨天在会议上讲话的是同一个人。Heisthesamepersonthatkilledthatwoman.他就是杀害那位妇女的人。8.当先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。9.当先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词修饰时。例如：Iknewherfatherforthesimplest,hardestworkingmanthateverdrewthebreathoflife.我早知她的父亲是一个世上最简朴最努力工作的人。3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别RestrictiverelativeclauseNon-restrictiverelativeclauseComparethetwosentences:Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimstrange.Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimstrange.第一句为限制性，翻译为“他不穿使他看起来奇怪的衣服。”第二句为非限制性，翻译为“他不穿衣服，这使得他很奇怪。”区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，不可删除补充说明，可删除逗号的使用不用逗号其前有逗号that的使用可用that不可用thatwhich，who做从句宾语时可省略，that也可省略不可省略whom的使用可用who及that替代不可替代是否读时停顿不停顿读时停顿，降调是否修饰句子不可以可以，只用which翻译时的区别常译为定语常译为并列句1.Inourschoolthereare8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.2.Inourschoolthereare8foreignteachers,whoarefromAustralia.我们学校有8名来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。也许还有别的国家的外籍教师。我们学校有8名外籍教师，他们全来自澳大利亚。4.介词+关系代词（prep.+relativepron.）介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toInArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?5.Relativeclauseandappositiveclause1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。①TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforShanghai.②Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.2、引导词：关系分句由关系代词或关系副词引导，在关系分句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，一般不省略，也可由when/where/how/why/whether/what引导，充当成分。①Thenewshetoldmeistrue.②Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.③Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.④Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3、同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以。①Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.②Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.