英语阅读理解的注意点

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1做阅读理解的五点注意注意一:试题各小题所提供的四个备选项,有的是语法、结构上有错误,有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误的先排除,再考虑是否符合短文内容。注意二:对短文中的生词或看不懂的句子,应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进行猜测,尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义的选择试题,要根据文章所阐述的主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系,大胆分析推断,去伪存真选出正确答案。注意三:对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题,虽然短文中没有直接说明,可统观全文,通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识,如结合已学过的自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者的思路进行推理,从而且推断出正确答案。注意四:做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题,后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结,把握性就更大。注意五:阅读的顺序一般是先读短文,再看题目,然后逐题作答。若文章较长,也可以先将测试题目通览一遍,然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关的段落、句子反应敏感,而对其他与答题无关的部分可以不必花费太多时间,阅读速度就可加快些。从题型设计上看1、细节问题:通读全文可以从文章的原句中找到答案。2、理解性问题:对文中的个别难词、关键词、词组及句子作出解释。3、推理性题目:不能直接找到答案,要做上下文深层理解4、概括性题目:对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。在阅读技巧上,要了解文章的背景知识、文章的关键词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的结构或结局、文章的主题、文章内涵的寓意等。知识要点:1、了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁2、中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧1.了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁中考阅读理解文章的体裁主要有四类:记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。1)、记叙文叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。22)、说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。3)、应用文所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作,有着实用性特点,并形成惯用格式的文章。4)、议论文2.中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧一般来说,阅读理解题型设计,大致可以分为以下几种题型:A.主旨大意型;B.细节理解型;C.词义猜测型;D.推理判断型A.主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe…Thisisapassageabout…Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Thepassagemainlytellsusabout…Thewriterwrotethepassageinorderto…技巧解析:主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此,在做题时,要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句,就不难确定文章的中心思想。寻找主题句的方法:1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。3Example:(2010,龙岩)TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.……AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.……80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_______.A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParisB.internationalflightsfromLondontoParisC.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover主题句出现在段首:在议论文和说明文中,一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。(2008,厦门)Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.1.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide(躲藏)underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.……69.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_________.A.HowdangeroustheearthquakeisB.HowtobesafeduringanearthquakeC.Don'tbeafraidoftheearthquake4主题句也可能出现在段尾:作者先摆出事实依据,或者提出问题,然后层层推进,提出解决方法,然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,是全文的主题句,下文按照主题句进行展开。(2011,泉州)We’vetalkedaboutsnails(蜗牛)andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells(壳)—sleeping.Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers(触角),areveryweak.Butitssense(感觉)ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.Asnail’smouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin(大头针).Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,andyoucan’tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。2011年泉州中考卷中并没有出现明确的主题句,但细看之下会发现,文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次,是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象,又是文章的主题。[Practice]AIneverylittlegirl’stoybox,theremightbeaBarbieDoll.Barbieis50yearsoldthisyear.Itwasdesignedin1959byanAmericanbusinesswomannamedRuthHandler.SheandherhusbandElliottstartedthetoycompanyMattel.ShenamedthenewdollaftertheirdaughterBarbara.ThefirstBarbieDollappearedatthetoyfair(交易会)NewYorkonMarch9th,1959.ThisdateisusedasBarbie’sbirthday.MattelsoldthreehundredthousandBarbieDollsinthefirstyearatapriceofthreedollars.5Today,afifty-year-oldBarbieingoodconditionmightcostmorethantwenty-seventhousanddollars.Mattelsays90%ofthegirlsintheUnitedStatesagedfromthreetotenownatleastoneBarbieDoll.Andgirlsagedthreetosixownanaverage(平均)ofabouttwelve.WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollshalfacenturyago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwouldbecomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousallovertheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundredandfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.65.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Barbie’sbirthdayB.BarbieDollsC.AlovelygirlnamedBarbieD.WhyareBarbiespopularB……Schoollifeshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiestdaysofourlives.Weshouldn’twastethiswonderfultime.Don’tsaythingsaredifficultandboring.Don’tbetoodisappointedifthingssometimesgobadly.Don’tletsmallproblemsseemverybig.Beconfident,goandplaysports,workonaproject,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Therearealwaysalotofthingstodotorelaxyourselfandmakeyouhappy.60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Howtogethighscores.B.Howtoberelaxedandhappy.C.Howtomakefriendswithforeigners.B.细节理解题细节理解题常用的设问方式:Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof…?技巧解析:细节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