乐府诗英文翻译及讲解

Lecture5YuefuSongSujieLiSchoolofEnglish,BISU2017-10-13Poemsyoumightknow江南GatheringLotus陌上桑BytheRoadsideMulberry孔雀东南飞TheBrideofJiaoZhongqing长歌行ASonginSlowTime《江南》——汉乐府《江南》——汉乐府江南可采莲，莲叶何田田，鱼戏莲叶间。鱼戏莲叶东，鱼戏莲叶西，鱼戏莲叶南，鱼戏莲叶北。AGeneralIntroductionHowdidthenamecomeintobeing?TheyuefuwasthemusicbureausetupinthesecondcenturyBCtostandardizecourtmusic.Apartfromceremonialpiecescomposedbyscholars,itcompiledacorpusoffolk-songsdrawnfromallpartsofthecountryforlessstatelyoccasions,anditisthispopularelementwhichbecameknownasthe“yuefu”style,whosefreshnessandvitalityexercisedagreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofformalpoetry.ThedevelopmentofChinesepoetryfromWSPtoHanBookofSongs:four-syllablelinesVerseoftheStateofChu:morevarietiesHanfu汉赋“不歌而咏谓之赋”；“赋者铺也，铺采擒文，体物写志也”（诗体赋，骚体赋，散体赋）——多为文人所作乐府诗：以杂言和五言为主要形式的民间诗歌这些乐府民歌，内容上继承《诗经》“饥者歌其食，劳者歌其事”的写实传统，“感于哀乐，缘事而发”，广泛地反映了劳动群众的生活与情绪。形式上突破四言体与骚体，形成了在我国诗坛占有重要地位的杂言诗与五言诗。在表现手法上，叙事成分增加，出现了很多著名的叙事诗。它是我国诗歌迈入了一个新的时期。这些民歌由当时的乐府机关收集，故名乐府民歌，在我国诗歌史上是继《诗经》、《楚辞》之后一个新的发展阶段。Twolovepoems【上邪】上邪！①我欲与君相知②，长命③无绝衰。山无陵④，江水为竭，冬雷震震⑤，夏雨雪⑥，天地合⑦，乃敢⑧与君绝！①上邪(yé)：上天啊。上：指天。邪：语气助词，表示感叹。②相知：结为知己；相爱。③命：古与“令”字通，使。衰(cui)【也可读作shuai】：衰减、断绝。这两句是说，我愿与你相爱，让我们的爱情永不衰绝。④陵(líng)：山峰、山头。⑤震震：形容雷声。⑥雨(yù)雪：降雪。雨，名词活用作动词。⑦天地合：天与地合二为一。⑧乃敢：才敢,“敢”字是委婉的用语。APledge(杨宪益戴乃迭）Byheaven,IshallloveyouTotheendoftime!Tillmountainscrumble,Streamsrundry,Thunderrumblesinwinter,Snowfallsinsummer,Andtheearthmingleswiththesky–NottillthenwillIceasetoloveyou!ForComparisonARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰byRobertBurns王佐良译O,myluve'slikeared,redrose,啊，我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰啊，That'snewlysprunginJune;六月里迎风初开，O,myluve'slikethemelodie,啊，我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子，That'ssweetlyplayedintune.奏得合拍又和谐。Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,我的好姑娘，多么美丽的人儿！SodeepinluveamI;请看我，多么深挚的爱情！AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,亲爱的，我永远爱你，Tilla'theseasgangdry.纵使大海干涸水流尽。Tilla'theseasgangdry,mydear,亲爱的，纵使大海干涸水流尽，Andtherocksmeltwi'thesun;太阳将岩石烧作灰尘，Iwillluvetheestill,mydear,亲爱的，我永远爱你，Whilethesandso'lifeshallrun.只要我一息犹存。Andfaretheestill,myonlyluve!珍重吧，我唯一的爱人，Andfaretheeweelawhile!珍重吧，让我们暂时别离，AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,但我定要回来，Thoughitweretenthousandmile.哪怕千里万里！有所思有所思①，乃在大海南。何用问遗②君，双珠玳瑁簪③。用玉绍缭④之。闻君有他心，拉杂⑤摧烧之。摧烧之，当风扬其灰！从今以往，勿复相思，相思与君绝⑥！鸡鸣狗吠⑦，兄嫂当知之。妃呼狶⑧！秋风肃肃晨风飔⑨，东方须臾高⑩知之！①有所思：指她所思念的那个人。②何用：何以。问遗(wèi)：“问”“遗”二字同义，作“赠与”解，是汉代习用的联语。③玳瑁(dàimào)：即玳瑁，是一种龟类动物，其甲壳光滑而多文采，可制装饰品。簪：古人用以连接发髻和冠的首饰，簪身横穿髻上，两端露出冠外，下缀白珠。④绍缭：犹“缭绕”，缠绕。⑤拉杂：堆集。这句是说，听说情人另有所爱了，就把原拟赠送给他的替、玉、双珠堆集在一块砸碎，烧掉。⑥相思与君绝：与君断绝相思。⑦鸡鸣狗吠：犹言“惊动鸡狗”。古诗中常以“鸡鸣狗吠”借指男女幽会。⑧妃(bēi)呼豨(xūxī)：妃，训为“悲”，呼豨，训为“歔欷”。⑨肃肃：飕飕，风声。晨风飔(sī)：据闻一多《乐府诗笺》说：晨风，就是雄鸡，雉鸡常晨鸣求偶。飔当为“思”，是“恋慕”的意思。一说，“晨风飔”，晨风凉。⑩须臾：不一会儿。高（hào）：是“皜”、“皓”的假借字，白。“东方高”，日出东方亮。TheOneILove(杨宪益戴乃迭）TheoneIloveLivessouthofthegreatocean.WhatshallIsendtogreethim?Atortoise-shellcombwithtwopearlsHungfrompendantsofjade.TheytellmehisisuntrueAndIshatterthegiftandburnit,Andscatteritsashestothewind.FromthisdayonNomoremustIthinkofhim,NomoremustIthinkofthetime.Whenthecrowingofacock,thebarkingofadog,Mademetremblelestmybrotherandhiswifehearus.Shrillwailstheautumnwind,Swiftthesparrows-hawktakesflight;SoonthesunwillriseintheeastAndshedlightuponmyheart!TheEnd