基于SNMP网络管理系统的设计与实现

西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文基于SNMP网络管理系统的设计与实现姓名：王西林申请学位级别：硕士专业：软件工程指导教师：丁振国;方建民20100315ᨬ㽕䱣ⴔ㔥㒰ᡔᴃⱘ亲䗳থሩ੠ᑓ⊯ᑨ⫼ˈ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰Ꮖ⏫䗣ࠄབҞ⼒Ӯⱘ৘Ͼ乚ඳˈ݊䞡㽕԰⫼ϡ㿔㗠ஏDŽ㔥㒰䆒໛ⱘϡᮁ๲ࡴˈ㾘῵᮹䍟ᠽ໻ˈ㒧ᵘᛜࡴ໡ᴖˈҹঞᔧࠡᇍѢ㔥㒰ᅝܼ㽕∖ⱘ᮹Ⲟᦤ催DŽ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚Ҏਬ䳔㽕ϔϾᅲ⫼ⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᴹᐂࡽҪӀᅲᯊᥠ᥻㔥㒰ⱘᗻ㛑⢊ᗕˈⲥ⌟㔥㒰ᬙ䱰ঞӬ࣪㔥㒰㒧ᵘˈҹ㓈ᡸ㔥㒰ⱘℷᐌ〇ᅮ䖤㸠DŽᴀ᭛ⷨおњㅔऩ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ण䆂੠㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ⱘ᳝݇ݙᆍˈ೼ℸ෎⸔Ϟ䆒䅵ᑊᅲ⦄њ㓐ড়㔥ㅵ㋏㒳ˈ԰㗙Џ㽕䋳䋷݊Ё᳡ࡵ఼ㅵ⧚ᄤ㋏㒳ⱘ䆒䅵Ϣᅲ⦄DŽ䆹ᄤ㋏㒳ߚЎ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ᄤ῵ഫˈᗻ㛑ㅵ⧚ᄤ῵ഫˈᬙ䱰ㅵ⧚ᄤ῵ഫˈᅝܼㅵ⧚ᄤ῵ഫㄝDŽ㋏㒳䗮䖛㔥㒰ᢧᠥ೒ᇍ䳔ⲥ᥻ⱘ䆒໛⚍䗝ৢˈ㛑ᶹⳟ䆒໛ⱘ䜡㕂ֵᙃঞ৘乍ᗻ㛑খ᭄ˈᦤկ㞾ࡼ᡹䄺DŽᑊᄬখ᭄ܹᑧˈ䗮䖛ᇍग़৆᭄᥂ⱘߚᵤ੠㒳䅵ˈҹ೒㸼ⱘᮍᓣᇚߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰ䗮䖛Web义䴶Ⳉ㾖ⱘᰒ⼎㒭ㅵ⧚㗙DŽ䗮䖛䖭ѯ᡹ਞˈՓㅵ⧚㗙ᇍ㔥㒰ᔧЁᄬ೼ⱘ䯂乬ঞ䱤ᙷ䖯㸠ᥦ䰸ˈᇍ㔥㒰䆒໛䖯㸠ড়⧚ⱘ䜡㕂៪᳈ᬍDŽ䖬ᦤկњ䩜ᇍѢ⫼᠋ⱘ⏏ࡴˈߴ䰸ˈ᳈ᬍˈᴗ䰤䆒㕂੠ᆚⷕׂᬍㄝᅝܼㅵ⧚ࡳ㛑DŽ㋏㒳ⱘ䆩䖤㸠੠⌟䆩㸼ᯢ䆹㋏㒳䖤㸠ৃ䴴ˈ〇ᅮˈ᪡԰Ⳉ㾖ˈᇍ᭄᥂ⱘ䞛䲚੠໘⧚ޚ⹂ˈঞᯊDŽ䖒ࠄњ乘ᳳⱘⳂⱘDŽ݇䬂䆡˖㔥㒰ㅵ⧚SNMPMIB᭄᥂䞛䲚ᗻ㛑ㅵ⧚$EVWUDFWWiththerapiddevelopmentandwidelyapplicationofnetworktechnology,nowadayscomputernetworkshavepenetratedintoallsidesofsocietyandtheimportantroleofitbecomesself-evident.Theincreasingofnetworkequipments,theexpendingofitsscale,thecomplexityofthestructuresaswellascurrentdemandsforincreasingnetworksecurity,allofwhichneedapracticalnetworkmanagementsystemtohelpcontroloverreal-timenetworkperformance,monitornetworkerrorsandoptimizenetworkstructureinordertomaintainanormalandstableoperationofnetwork.Thispaperstudiesthesimplenetworkmanagementprotocolandrelatedelements,onthisbasisofwhichdesignsandimplementsanintegratednetworkmanagementsystem.Theauthorofthispapermainlyworksonthedesigningandimplementingoftheservermanagementsubsystem,includingconfigurationmanagementsub-moduleperformancemanagementsub-module,faultmanagementsub-moduleandsecuritymanagementsub-module.Throughthenetworktopology,monitoreddevicecanbeclicked,soastohaveconfigurationinformationandvariousperformanceparameterschecked,automaticalarmprovided,parametersstoredaway,andthenaccordingtotheanalysisofhistoricaldataandstatistics,anintuitivewebpagedisplayedtothemanager.Basedonthesereports,networkproblemsandhiddendangercanberemoved,networkdevicesconfiguredorchanged.Thesystemalsoprovidesothersecuritymanagementfunctions,suchasadding,deleting,changing,modifyingthepermissionssettingsandpasswords.Systemcommissioningandtestingshowthatthesystemisreliable,stableandvisuallyoperation,andthatitisaccurateandtimelyfordataacquisitionandprocessing.Sothedesiredobjectiveisachieved.Keywords:NetworkManagementSNMPMIBDataAcquisitionPerformanceManagementᄺԡ䆎᭛߯ᮄᗻໄᯢ⾝ᡓᄺ᷵Ϲ䇼ⱘᄺ亢੠Ӭ㡃ⱘ⾥ᄺ䘧ᖋˈᴀҎໄᯢ᠔ਜѸⱘ䆎᭛ᰃ៥ϾҎ೼ᇐᏜᣛᇐϟ䖯㸠ⱘⷨおᎹ԰ঞপᕫⱘⷨお៤ᵰDŽሑ៥᠔ⶹˈ䰸њ᭛Ё⡍߿ࡴҹᷛ⊼੠㟈䇶Ё᠔㔫߫ⱘݙᆍҹ໪ˈ䆎᭛Ёϡࣙ৿݊ҪҎᏆ㒣থ㸼៪᪄ݭ䖛ⱘⷨお៤ᵰ˗гϡࣙ৿Ў㦋ᕫ㽓ᅝ⬉ᄤ⾥ᡔ໻ᄺ៪݊ᅗᬭ㚆ᴎᵘⱘᄺԡ៪䆕к㗠Փ⫼䖛ⱘᴤ᭭DŽϢ៥ϔৠᎹ԰ⱘৠᖫᇍᴀⷨお᠔خⱘӏԩ䋵⤂ഛᏆ೼䆎᭛Ёخњᯢ⹂ⱘ䇈ᯢᑊ㸼⼎њ䇶ᛣDŽ⬇䇋ᄺԡ䆎᭛Ϣ䌘᭭㢹᳝ϡᅲП໘ˈᴀҎᡓᢙϔߛⱘ⊩ᕟ䋷ӏDŽᴀҎㅒৡ˖᮹ᳳ݇Ѣ䆎᭛Փ⫼ᥜᴗⱘ䇈ᯢᴀҎᅠܼњ㾷㽓ᅝ⬉ᄤ⾥ᡔ໻ᄺֱ᳝݇⬭੠Փ⫼ᄺԡ䆎᭛ⱘ㾘ᅮˈे˖ⷨお⫳೼᷵ᬏ䇏ᄺԡᳳ䯈䆎᭛Ꮉ԰ⱘⶹ䆚ѻᴗऩԡሲ㽓ᅝ⬉ᄤ⾥ᡔ໻ᄺDŽᄺ᳝᷵ᴗֱ⬭䗕Ѹ䆎᭛ⱘ໡ॄӊˈܕ䆌ᶹ䯙੠׳䯙䆎᭛˗ᄺ᷵ৃҹ݀Ꮧ䆎᭛ⱘܼ䚼៪䚼ߚݙᆍˈৃҹܕ䆌䞛⫼ᕅॄǃ㓽ॄ៪݊ᅗ໡ࠊ᠟↉ֱᄬ䆎᭛DŽৠᯊᴀҎֱ䆕ˈ↩Ϯৢ㒧ড়ᄺԡ䆎᭛ⷨお䇒乬ݡ᪄ݭⱘ᭛ゴϔᕟ㕆ৡऩԡЎ㽓ᅝ⬉ᄤ⾥ᡔ໻ᄺDŽ˄ֱᆚⱘ䆎᭛೼㾷ᆚৢ䙉ᅜℸ㾘ᅮ˅ᴀᄺԡ䆎᭛ሲѢֱᆚˈ೼ᑈ㾷ᆚৢ䗖⫼ᴀᥜᴗкDŽᴀҎㅒৡ˖᮹ᳳᇐᏜㅒৡ˖᮹ᳳ㄀ϔゴ㒾䆎1㄀ϔゴ㒾䆎1.1乍Ⳃ㚠᱃䱣ⴔ䅵ㅫᴎ੠䗮ֵᡔᴃⱘ亲䗳থሩˈ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ᴀ䑿԰Ўֵᙃ⼒Ӯⱘ෎⸔䆒ᮑ⏫䗣њ⼒Ӯ⫳ѻ⫳⌏ⱘᮍᮍ䴶䴶ˈ៤Ў㒣⌢থሩⱘ䞡㽕㒘៤䚼ߚˈҎӀᇍ㔥㒰ⱘձ䌪г᮹Ⲟ๲ᔎDŽϢℸৠᯊˈ㔥㒰㾘῵䗤ℹᠽ໻ˈ㔥㒰䆒໛੠㔥㒰ᑨ⫼ǃ᳡ࡵⳌᇍ๲໮ˈᇐ㟈㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ⱘ໡ᴖᑺг໻໻๲ࡴDŽ⬅ℸˈབԩᇍ㔥㒰䖯㸠ᗻ㛑ㅵ⧚ˈᇸ݊ᰃᇍ᭄᥂䖯㸠䞛䲚ǃߚᵤ໘⧚ˈҢ㗠ᡒࠄ㔥㒰Ёᶤѯ┰೼ⱘ䯂乬ᑊঞᯊ㾷އˈህ៤Ў৘⾡໻ᇣ㾘῵ǃ䜡㕂䖹ᓖⱘ㔥㒰ⱘㅵ⧚㗙Ӏ䴶ЈⱘϹዏ䯂乬DŽᴀ䇒乬ᰃ䖑ᅕⳕᶤख़Ā⫼᠋᭄᥂ᶹ䆶㋏㒳㓐ড়㔥㒰ㅵ⧚āᔧЁⱘϔϾᄤ㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳ᰃ೼෎⸔㔥㒰ᓎ䆒ᅠ៤ৢᴹᅲ⦄ⱘѠᳳᎹ⿟乍ⳂDŽϔϾ㒘㒛㢅䌍໻䞣ⱘᯊ䯈੠䌘䞥ᓎゟ䍋ᴹⱘ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ˈ䱣ⴔֵᙃ⌕ⱘ๲ࡴ੠㔥㒰ⱘ䖯ϔℹᠽ໻ˈ┰೼䯂乬ⱘ᭄ⳂӮ䱣П๲ࡴˈ䖭ህ䳔㽕ϡᮁⱘ䖯㸠㓈ᡸ੠Ӭ࣪ˈҹᦤ催㔥㒰ⱘᗻ㛑ˈ⬅ℸѻ⫳њ㔥㒰ᗻ㛑ㅵ⧚ⱘὖᗉ@DŽ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᰃ᥻ࠊϔϾ໡ᴖⱘ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰Փᅗ݋᳔᳝催ⱘᬜ⥛੠⫳ѻ࡯ⱘ䖛⿟ˈ䖭ϔ䖛⿟䗮ᐌࣙᣀ᭄᥂ᬊ䲚ǃ᭄᥂໘⧚੠᭄᥂ߚᵤᑊᦤկ㾷އᮍḜDŽ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ህᰃ⬅䖭ḋⱘϔ㒘䕃ӊ㒘៤ˈᅗӀⱘՓ⫼ৃҹ໻໻ᦤ催㔥㒰ⱘᬜ⥛DŽ1.2೑ݙ໪ⷨおὖމ㔥㒰ᗻ㛑ⲥ⌟Ϣߚᵤᰃ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᅗ⍝ঞࠄ䅵ㅫᴎԧ㋏㒧ᵘǃ㔥㒰ᡔᴃǃ᪡԰㋏㒳ǃ᭄᥂ᑧǃ䗮ֵᡔᴃㄝ䇌໮乚ඳˈᰃϔ䮼㓐ড়ᡔᴃDŽ೼Ⳍᔧ䭓ⱘᯊ䯈ݙˈҎӀᑊ≵᳝ᇚ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚԰Ўϧ䮼ⱘ䯂乬ⷨおDŽ䱣ⴔInternetՓ⫼㣗ೈⱘᠽ໻ˈଚϮᑨ⫼ⱘ๲໮ˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚៤Ў㔥㒰থሩЁϔϾᕜ䞡㽕ⱘ݇䬂ᡔᴃDŽᅗⱘ䞡㽕ᗻᏅ㒣೼৘ᮍ䴶ᕫࠄԧ⦄ˈᑊЎ䍞ᴹ䍞໮ⱘҎ᠔䅸䆚[2]DŽ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ⱘㅵ⧚ᰃԈ䱣ⴔ1969ᑈϪ⬠Ϟ㄀ϔϾ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ARPANETѻ⫳㗠ѻ⫳ⱘDŽᔧᯊⱘARPANETҹঞৢᴹ݊Ҫ㒧ᵘⱘ㔥㒰ˈབIBMⱘSNAǃDECⱘDNA੠APPLEⱘAppleTalkㄝˈ䛑ᢹ᳝㞾Ꮕⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳DŽሑㅵབℸˈ⬅Ѣᔧᯊ㔥㒰㒧ᵘ䴲ᐌㅔऩˈϔϾㅔऩࡳ㛑ⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ህ䎇ҹ⒵䎇㓈ᡸ㔥㒰ℷᐌᎹ԰ⱘ䳔∖DŽℸ໪ˈᮽᳳⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᕔᕔᰃॖଚ೼㞾Ꮕⱘ㔥㒰㋏㒳Ёᓔথߎᴹⱘϧ⫼㋏㒳ˈ㱑✊೼㞾Ꮕⱘϧ⫼㔥㒰䞠㸼⦄ߎ㡃དᗻ㛑ˈԚᰃᇍ݊Ҫॖଚ䆒໛ⱘᬃᣕैϡሑབҎᛣDŽⱘ෎ѢSNMP㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ⱘ䆒䅵Ϣᅲ⦄280ᑈҷ߱ᳳInternetⱘߎ⦄੠থሩ᮹Ⲟ䅽ҎӀᛣ䆚ࠄ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ᳈໮ⱘҎᓔྟ݇⊼䖭Ͼ乚ඳDŽⷨおᓔথ㗙Ӏ䩜ᇍ᠔䘛ࠄⱘ䯂乬ˈᕜᖿᦤߎњ໮⾡㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᮍḜˈ݊Ёࣙᣀ催ሖᅲԧㅵ⧚㋏㒳(High-levelEntityManagementSystems,HEMS)ㅔऩ㔥݇ⲥ㾚ण䆂(SimpleGatewayMonitoringProtocol,SGMP)ǃ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ֵᙃ᳡ࡵ(CommonManagementInformationService,CMIS/CMIP)[3]ㄝㄝDŽࠄ1987ᑈᑩˈInternetⱘḌᖗᴎᵘIAB(InternetArchitectureBoard)ᛣ䆚ࠄ䳔㽕೼ӫ໮ⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᮍḜЁ䖯㸠䗝ᢽˈҹ֓䲚Ёᇍ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ⱘⷨおDŽIAB䳔㽕䗝ᢽ䗖ড়ѢTCP/IP㔥㒰⡍߿ᰃInternetⱘㅵ⧚ᮍḜDŽ೼1988ᑈ3᳜ⱘӮ䆂ϞIABࠊᅮњInternetㅵ⧚ⱘথሩ៬⬹ˈे䞛⫼њSGMP԰ЎⷁᳳⱘInternetㅵ⧚㾷އᮍḜˈᑊ೼䗖ᔧⱘᯊ׭䕀৥CMIS/CMIPDŽৠᯊˈIAB䖬ߚ߿៤ゟњⳌᑨⱘᎹ԰㒘ᇍ䖭ѯᮍḜ䖯㸠䗖ᔧⱘׂᬍˈՓᅗӀ᳈䗖⫼ѢInternet੠ㅵ⧚DŽ䖭ѯᎹ԰㒘䱣ৢ᥼ߎњㅔऩ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ण䆂(SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol,SNMP)[4]˄1988ᑈ˅੠CMT(CMS/CMIPonTCP/IP)(1989ᑈ˅DŽԚᰃˈᅲ䰙ᚙމⱘথሩैᑊ䴲ڣIAB᠔䅵ߦⱘ䙷ḋDŽSNMPϔ㒣᥼ߎህᕫࠄњᑓ⊯ⱘᑨ⫼੠ᬃᣕˈ㗠CMIS/CMIPⱘᅲ⦄ै⬅Ѣ݊໡ᴖᗻ੠ᅲ⦄ҷӋ䕗催㗠䘛ࠄњೄ䲒DŽᔧISOϡᮁCMIS/CMIPՓПϡᮁ䍟Ѣ៤❳ᯊˈSNMPै೼ᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼⦃๗ЁᕫࠄњẔ偠੠থሩDŽOI1990ᑈIETF(InternetEngineeringTaskForceˈInternetᎹ⿟ӏࡵ㒘˅೼RFC1157Ёℷᓣ݀ᏗњSNMPv1ˈ1993ᑈ4᳜೼RFC1441ЁথᏗњSNMPv2ˈ1998ᑈজ೼RFC2271ЁᓔྟњSNMPv3[5]ⱘᓔথˈᑊѢ2002ᑈ12᳜೼RFC3410-RFC3418Ё䖯ϔℹᅠ୘њSNMPv3ⱘㅵ⧚Ḛᶊ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰໡ᴖᗻⱘ๲ࡴˈՓ㔥㒰ᗻ㛑ㅵ⧚ⱘ㽕∖ᛜᴹᛜ催ˈЎ⒵䎇䖭⾡䳔∖ˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᖙ乏ϡᮁഄᦤ催੠থሩDŽҞৢⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᇚᳱⴔ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚Web࣪ˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ሖ⃵࣪ˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ण䆂䲚៤࣪ˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᱎ㛑࣪੠䲚៤㋏㒳ㅵ⧚޴Ͼᮍ৥থሩDŽ✊㗠೼೑ݙˈ⬅Ѣ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ⱘথሩ੠㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᡔᴃⱘথሩ䛑䍋ℹ䕗ᰮˈ಴ℸ੠೑໪ⱘܜ䖯∈ᑇⳌ↨ˈ㞾✊᳝ϡᇣⱘᏂ䎱DŽ೑ݙⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ѻકᕜᇥˈᑊϨህࡳ㛑੠ᗻ㛑㗠㿔ˈгᕜ䲒੠೑໪ѻકႆ㕢DŽ಴ℸˈ೼ܙߚ਌ᬊ೑໪㔥ㅵѻકӬ⚍ⱘ෎⸔Ϟˈᓔথߎ䗖ড়೑ᚙᅲ䰙䳔㽕ⱘ㞾Ꮕⱘ㔥ㅵѻકˈህ៤ЎϔϾ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ⱘ䇒乬DŽ1.3䆎᭛ⷨおᎹ԰㔥㒰ᓎ䆒߱ᳳˈ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚㗙ᕔᕔ᳈⊼䞡Ѣ⹀ӊ䆒໛ⱘ〇ᅮᗻˈ䱣ⴔ㔥㒰䆒໛ⱘϡᮁ๲ࡴˈ㔥㒰ᢧᠥⱘϡᮁ᳈ᮄˈব࣪ˈՓᕫ߱ᳳҹᎹ݋ᅲ⦄ㅔऩⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚ᮍᓣ᮴⊩䗖ᑨᮄⱘ㽕∖ˈ䆌໮ॖଚⱘ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚䕃ӊ䲒Ѣ᪡԰ˈ㗠ϨᇍѢᡔᴃҎਬ᠔݋໛ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚᳝ᕜ催ⱘ㽕∖DŽᑊϨা㛑䩜ᇍᶤϔॖଚ᠔⫳ѻⱘ䆒໛ᴹᅲ⦄ㅵ㄀ϔゴ㒾䆎3⧚DŽᇍѢ㔥㒰ᔧЁߎ⦄ⱘ䯂乬᮴⊩䖙䗳᳝ᬜⱘডᑨDŽЎℸˈᴀ᭛࡯∖ᇚ⧚䆎Ϣᅲ䏉Ⳍ㒧ড়ˈ೼ᇍ㔥㒰ㅵ⧚䖯㸠䯤䗄ⱘৠᯊˈ䩜ᇍҹϞᄬ೼ⱘ㔎⚍੠ሔ䰤ᗻˈ߽⫼SNMP㓪⿟᥹ষᓔথ㔥㒰⌕䞣䞛䲚⿟ᑣˈᅲ⦄㔥㒰⌕䞣ֵᙃⱘ㞾ࡼ䞛䲚ˈՓᕫ