船舶与海洋工程英语

1船舶与海洋工程英语2目录Part1.船舶与海洋工程英语1.TheNavalArchitect…………………………………………….……….….....12.Definitions,PrincipalDimensions……………………………….….………....33.MerchantshipTypes………………………………………………..…………104.ShipDesign…………………………………………………………………165.GeneralArrangement……………………………………………………....…206.ShipLines……………………………………………………..…………...…257.ShipEquilibrium,StabilityandTrim………………………………………..288.EstimatingPowerRequirements………………………………………….….339.ShipMotions,Maneuverability………………………………………………3710.TheFunctionofShipStructuralComponents……………………………………….....4011.StructuralDesign,ShipStresses…………………………………………………….......4312.ClassificationSocieties…………………………………………………...…4813.Shipyard,Organization,Layout…………………………………..….....…..5314.Planning,FromContracttoWorkingPlans……………………………...….5615.LinesPlanandFairing,FabricationandAssembly………………………....5816.LaunchingandOutfitting…………………………………………………....6117.SeaTrials……………………………………………………………………6418.MarineEngines………………………………………………………………………...6619.MarineElectricalEquipment…………………………………………..……7120.UnattendedMachinerySpaces……………………………………….……..7621.MobileDrillingPlatforms……………………………………………………………...8122.ExamplesofOffshoreStructures……………………………………….…..8523.OceanographicSubmersibles…………………………………………….…9124.ApplicationofEngineeringEconomicstoShipDesign……………..……..9425.ComputerDevelopmentandtheNavalArchitect………………………..…98Part2.26.船舶英语实用词汇手册……………………………………………………………..10127.船舶英语缩略语…………………………………………………………………...…1293LessonOneTheNavalArchitectAnavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas“anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots”toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarryacertainweightofcargo(ornumberofpassengers)ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;high-densitycargoes,suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores,andlightweightastheweightofthehull,includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementofthevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraft------whichisgovernedbyfreeboardrules------enablesthedepthtobedeterminedtoafirstapproximation.Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength,breadth,depth,draft,anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally,hemustestimatetheshafthorsepowerrequiredforthespecifiedspeed;thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbeadequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings(framedimensionsandplatethicknesses)canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhullsteel.Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics,freedomfromtroublesomevibration,andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherduesarebased.(Thegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenettonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecanthereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisforharbouranddockingcharges.)Passengervesselsmustsatisfyastandardofbulkheadsubdivisionthatwillensureadequatestabilityunderspecifiedconditionsifthehullispiercedaccidentallyorthroughcollision.Compromiseplaysaconsiderablepartinproducingasatisfactorydesign.Anavalarchitectmustbeamasterofapproximations.Iftherequireddesigncloselyresemblesthatofashipalreadybuiltforwhichfullinformationisavailable,thedesignercancalculatetheeffectsofdifferencesbetweenthisshipandtheprojectedship.If,however,thisinformationisnotavailable,hemustfirstproducecoefficientsbaseduponexperienceand,afterrefiningthem,checktheresultsbycalculation.TrainingTherearefourmajorrequirementsforagoodnavalarchitect.Thefirstisaclearunderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesofappliedscience,particularlythoseaspectsofsciencethathavedirectapplicationtoships------mathematics,physics,mechanics,fluidmechanics,materials,structuralstrength,stability,resistance,andpropulsion.Thesecondisadetailedknowledgeofpastandpresentpracticeinshipbuilding.Thethirdispersonalexperienceofacceptedmethodsinthedesign,construction,andoperationofships;andthefourth,andperhapsmostimportant,isanaptitudefortacklingnewtechnicalproblemsandofdevisingpracticalsolutions.Theprofessionaltrainingofnavalarchitectsdifferswidelyinthevariousmaritimecountries.Unimanyuniversitiesandpolytechnicschools;suchacademictrainingmustbesupplementedbypracticalexperienceinashipyard.TrendsindesignTheintroductionofcalculatingmachinesandcomputershasfacilitatedthecomplexcalculationsrequiredin4navalarchitectureandhasalsointroducednewconceptsindesign.Therearemanycombinationsoflen